Internet Security Enforced Essay

The appearance of PCs and their related advances has enormously affected on regular individual, scholastic, and expert lives. The web has gotten one of the main wellsprings of data the same number of individuals want to get to and examine the data they need from the World Wide Web. The web has so much data which is truly available to any individual who has an associated PC, and this incorporates little youngsters. Instructors, understudies, and instructive organizations have progressively depended on the web for learning both inside and outside the setting of the study hall. How these innovations are executed anyway decides whether their application is acceptable (moral) or not great (dishonest). In this paper, the creator looks to clarify how innovation may be being used to make great advantages the general public and terrible advantages. One significant advantage of innovation is that it has made productivity in regular day to day existence. PCs can process a lot of information with minute exactness, and this application is being used by business associations everywhere throughout the world (Cohen, 1995). Be that as it may, the data in the World Wide Web is available to numerous individuals, and if adequate safety efforts are not set up, this advantage could wind up being mishandled. There is in this manner a requirement for programming designers, associations, schools and governments to cooperate in guaranteeing that mechanical frameworks that secure the respectability, secrecy and protection of data posted on the web is guaranteed. Numerous corrupt people like programmers, cybercriminals and digital psychological militants are continually sneaking to hold onto individual data from the web to coordinate a few kinds of wrongdoing. With the measure of cash being paid operating at a profit showcase for private data, programmers are consistently lurking here and there hanging tight for a chance to cause devastation on scholastic institutional, administrative and corporate sites (Guangrong, 1998). The data they get winds up being utilized to carry out violations like online misrepresentation, wholesale fraud and reconnaissance. With this dishonest use being a truly plausible event, powerful security programming applications like enemy of spyware and hostile to infections must be made so the honesty of data put away in the web can be ensured. As I expressed before, as long as the PCs accessible in schools and libraries are associated with the web, there is no restriction to the assorted variety of data younger students can access. Any usage of innovation must be made with the goal of serving the network it focuses with benefits. The target of data innovation benefits in schools isn't that younger students can get to grown-up material or whatever other data that can be of terrible impact. This is the place innovation steps in. ffective innovations of fighting deceptive destinations (that is the ones with obscene material, detest battles just as an assortment of other unacceptable substance) ought to be actualized in schools and at homes to secure the blamelessness of kids (Guangrong, 1998) The more the web innovation infiltrates, the more instructors and understudies are thinking that its a helpful apparatus for educating and learning (Fung, 1998). The web sounds and looks entirely easy to any individual who doesn't genera lly comprehend the details behind it. The utilization of convincing innovation on the web is one case of advancements that could bait the two instructors and understudies in organizing the act of dishonest exercises. Convincing innovation as utilized in the web represents an intense test to instructive teachers who decide to convey their administrations through the web. There is a high danger of powerful advancements being utilized to purposefully or inadvertently make kids submit delicate data about themselves or their families without knowing the dangers they are uncovering themselves and their families to. By definition, powerful advances are those intuitive advances which are proposed to change an individual’s practices or perspectives towards explicit issues including social, sexual and political convictions and practices (Ellison, Steinfied, and Lampe, 2007). They can likewise be utilized to advance smart dieting propensities and mindfulness on natural protection. These are instances of advances which can be utilized to advance great utilization of innovation and furthermore terrible use as clarified beneath. Knowledge frameworks intended to screen the exercises of representatives as they sign all through the frameworks in the work environment comprise a sound of moral utilization of innovation since it guarantees they successfully utilize the assets available to them to help their manager and themselves (Cohen, 1995). With long range interpersonal communication locales and talk rooms expanding continuously, representatives are building up the propensity to squander a great deal of worker hours on these destinations. Their profitability along these lines goes down and the impact is at long last transmitted to the economy. Also, representatives can utilize office frameworks to do unlawful things like government agent on their managers or different substances. In the event that convincing advancements are set up to screen their exercises, at that point there will be less breakage of law and morals. The equivalent influential advances can be set up to screen the development of workers in administration arrangement stores like general stores, eateries and bars. This could wind up guaranteeing that they stick to decorum like washing their hands in the wake of visiting the washrooms or in the wake of getting into contact with other unhygienic practices, however it is exploitative since it subverts their poise and makes doubt. The equivalent applies to organizations who expect guests to their sites to present their own data before using certain administrations before utilizing a specific utility, for instance downloading a product bundle or getting to a specific article. Legitimately, innovation can be utilized to guarantee adherence to laws particularly those detailed to control the way toward leading or disseminating data on the web. In the event that observing programming can be introduced at web passages to follow any unlawful endeavors being directed in the web, the offenders can be found and halted to advance the wellbeing of other web clients. In any case, this in itself has moral ramifications in that all of substance should be checked, and the security of data will be undermined but by a law implementing office. The intention of checking offices might be acceptable, yet it might be utilized to lead ethically unsatisfactory exercises by all or invested individuals. At last, there has been boundless judgment of control, especially on account of Google Corporation and the administration of the People’s Republic of China. The Chinese government specifies exacting restriction of the media including the web. Only one out of every odd sort of data can be gotten to, and this is accomplished by the utilization of inhibitors to the different conventions used to look for and get to data. This straightforwardly disregards the people’s right to data and is along these lines dishonest as well as illicit. From these models, it is obvious that the web and different devices accommodated by innovation can be utilized to establish great and terrible use.

The Social Contract Theory Essay Example for Free

The Social Contract Theory Essay The Social Contract Theory as propounded by Hobbes depends on the ratiocination that whenever left altogether free, people will act against their own personal responsibility in the drawn out except if they are exposed to a position figure which screens their inclinations for quiet conjunction all in all. The situation which comprises opportunity utilizes the idea of State of Nature while the arrangement that visualizes a position figure shapes the premise of Social Contract. Under State of Nature, a keeps an eye on own personal responsibility when followed without thought for others under the appearance of rivalry, endurance and vainglory brings about a kind of calamitous man against man situation. In such a situation, man begins offering reins to his baser impulses of endurance without thought for other people. To stay away from this, people need to surrender their privileges to a sovereign position, in a Social Contract, that secures their inclinations without encroaching on another’s interests. For this, it is basic that the decision authority be above unimportant preferences and inclinations to tie every person who might some way or another all alone be contenders and not generally concur with their various ideas of equity and decency. The bearing of activities of people to a quiet conjunction requires a lot of decides that shapes the premise of ethical quality which is trivial under State of Nature, where individual interests without respect for others is the main principle having an effect on everything. The pledge of Social Contract along these lines upholds a positive change of men from clamorous self serving elements to people getting a charge out of request and harmony in a composed society. Satisfying all being a unimaginable recommendation, any qualms against the expert in a Social Contract coming about because of maltreatment of intensity must be borne as a cost for harmony over the mayhem in State of Nature. It must be referenced anyway that the people despite everything hold the option to dissent and request clarifications if there should be an occurrence of abundances by the sovereign position. References Hampton, Jean (1988). Hobbes and Social Contract Tradition. Cambridge University Press.

How to Form a College List for Twins TKG

How to Form a College List for Twins When one of our writers was a kid, she and her sister looked exactly like the Olsen Twins. This was in the early days of Full House when the toddler Twins were all the rage. Our writer’s mother would dress the girls alikeâ€"they even had the same blonde bob. Inevitably, most weeks, someone would approach them with an “OH MY GOSH, YOUR TWINS LOOK JUST LIKE THE OLSENS!” Often times, people would just assume they were the Olsens. Eventually, her mother stopped fighting it. “Yup. Those are the Twins.” Except our writer and her sister are not twins. They are, in fact, nearly three years apart. For the purpose of applying to colleges, pretend that your twins are not twins, but rather, two different-aged children. Any likening or comparing one to other would be as odd as parading two siblings, or even unrelated children, around as the Olsen Twins.   Respect the Individual or Be in Big Trouble, Mister You should treat each kid in a vacuum, as though they are in different grades. Start with a list of 15 or so for each kid. The good news is, your kids share DNA and grew up in the same environment, so they will most likely have some overlaps, but either way, assume one kid wants to study Physics and the other Art History. One kid is probably more extroverted than the other. One might be more into a big school with football and Greek life and the other, a liberal arts college. Often times, one kid has better test scores and grades than the other. We have had a lot of twins come through our doors at TKG. One pitfall we have seen time and again is how parents subconsciously prioritize the kid with the better scores. Just because one twin might be a great candidate for Yale, it certainly does not mean that the other should be touring and applying there, too. They will not, by virtue of trickle down or magical twin powers, get in just because their sibling did. Avoid this mistake at all costs, or else, run the risk of seeing one kid get into their dream schools an d the other scrambling to find a suitable backup mid-year. Family Boarding? You Got It, Dude  When developing a college list, the urge to kill two birds with one stone can be really tempting. Treating them like two kids in different grades could mean two separate sets of college visits. Simply put, it can be really inconvenient. We get it. You’re busy. You’ve worked extremely hard to provide for two kids at once. You’ve navigated the treachery of having two kids going through terrible twos, puberty, and driver’s ed at the same time, and when they leave the house, you will have to deal with twice as much Empty Nest Syndrome as most parents. To make it a little more manageable, start visiting colleges and building lists at the end of your kids’ sophomore year. That may sound aggressive, but what’s more aggressive is having to visit eight colleges in the same week instead of four. That’s why airlines let passengers with small children board first, because otherwise, your toddler would end up spitting-up in the middle seat into some business person’s briefcase instead of on you.  You will have to start early and spread it out or it’s not going to work. Besides, kids should really start touring colleges at the end of their sophomore year anyway.     Need some help determining where your kids are qualified to get in? Contact us here.

Essay on Feminism in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale

Feminism in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale In The Handmaids Tale, Margaret Atwood explores the role that women play in society and the consequences of a countryà ­s value system. She reveals that values held in the United States are a threat to the livelihood and status of women. As one critic writes, â€Å"the author has concluded that present social trends are dangerous to individual welfare† (Prescott 151). The novel is set in the near future in Gilead, formerly the U.S., at a time when the population rate is rapidly declining. A religious regime has taken over, and women are used as breeders to boost the declining birth rate among the Caucasian race. Women are owned by men and are breeders. In the New World Order love doesnà ­t†¦show more content†¦Unlike Moira, Offred is desperate to conceive the Commanderà ­s child in order to survive. Both women parallel many women in todayà ­s society. On one hand, there are feminists who rebel against society no matter what it costs. On the other hand, there are women who are just trying to survive and find their place in a society in which they are second class citizens. In the novel, Offred is torn between smearing her face with butter to keep her complexion and hanging herself. In the same manner, she is caught between accepting the status of women under the new regime and following her own desires to gain knowledge and fall in love . Offred doesnà ­t know whether to accept the circumstances and die inside, or to fulfill her own desires, set herself free like Moira has done. The contrast between Moira and Offred reveals Atwoodà ­s attitude towards women and their sometimes self-destructive submission. Atwood shows the oppression of women through the extreme setting of the story, but she also allows the reader to see how women passively oppress themselves. Although Offred accepts the standards and criterions of her society, she keeps her individuality and refuses to forget the past. She remembers having had an identity of her own and strives to hold on to it as best as she can. She puts a claim on her temporary room in her Commanders house; it becomes a sanctuary for her true self. Her room becomes a place ofShow MoreRelatedFeminism Lost in Margaret Atwood’s A Handmaid’s Tale Essay1527 Words   |  7 PagesIn Margaret Atwood’s A Handmaid’s Tale, the human spirit has evolved to such a point that it cannot be subdued by complacency. Atwood shows Gilead as an extremist state with strong religious connotations. We see the outcome of the reversal of women’s rights and a totalitarian government which is based on reproduction. Not only is the government oppressive, but we see the female roles support and enable the oppression of other female characters. â€Å"This is an open ended text,†¦conscious o f the possibilitiesRead MoreEssay on Feminist Ideas in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale1199 Words   |  5 PagesFeminist Ideas in Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale For this essay, we focused strictly on critics reactions to Margaret Atwoods The Handmaids Tale. For the most part, we found two separate opinions about The Handmaids Tale, concerning feminism. One opinion is that it is a feminist novel, and the opposing opinion that it is not. Feminism: A doctrine advocating social, political, and economic rights for women equal to those of men as recorded in Websters Dictionary. This topic is prevalentRead MoreThoughts on Feminism and Dystopia in the Handmaid’s Tale Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX ENGL 252-01 28 November 2012 Thoughts on Feminism and Dystopia in The Handmaid’s Tale The Annotated Bibliography Dopp, Jamie. Subject-Position as Victim-Position in The Handmaids Tale. Studies in Canadian Literature / Études en littà ©rature canadienne [Online], 19.1 (1994): n. page. Web. 27 Nov. 2012 Dopp believes that Dopp believes that the goal of The Handmaid’s Tale is to work against the oppression of women, While he feels that is actually does theRead MoreSummary Of Feminism In The Handmaids Tale724 Words   |  3 Pagesdefines feminism is defined as â€Å"the theory of the political, economic, and social equality of the sexes† (Merriam-Webster). Still, today in America, the thought of gender equality idealistic because the system is internally misogynistic. Margaret Atwood tackles internalized misogyny because of hierarchal patriarchy in her dystopia, Gilead. She creates a world where on the surface women are equal while underlying criticizing religious conservative politics. Writer, Fiona Tolan analyzes Atwood’s workRead MoreThe Handmaid s Tale Of Women1858 Words   |  8 PagesParents typically don’t want their children reading in depth books about sex; however, The Handmaid’s Tale offers great fictional examples that teach sexism and the mistreatment of women, yet these examples can lead some in the wrong way. Therefore depending on the view in society, The Handmaid’s tale should be banned or kept to certain areas of the world because of the unfair treatment of women. The Handmaid’s Tale is about Offered as she shares her thoughts and experiences in a journal-like form andRead MoreFeminism In The Handmaids Tale1709 Words   |  7 Pagesof Gilead, a dystopian world with a patriarchal society, is displayed in Atwood’s, The Handmaid’s Tale. More specifically, the novel takes place in what used to be considered the United States but is now being called the Republic of Gilead where freedoms and rights have been excluded, especially for women. The society nurtures a â€Å"theocratic, patriarchal, nightmare world created by men, with the complicity of women† (â€Å"Margaret (Eleanor) Atwood†). The separation of the freedoms between the genders createdRead MoreMargaret Atwood- Feminism1227 Words   |  5 PagesJennifer Yeomelakis Major Author Rough Draft 2/13/12 Feminism in the Works of Margaret Atwood Feminism is the belief and advocacy of equal rights for woman. This belief is shown through Margaret Atwood’s works, although she doesn’t believe so â€Å"Every time you write from the point of view of a woman, people say it’s feminist.† Critics all of the world disagree with her and say that Atwood’s novels are blatantly feministic. Margaret Atwood uses time, male chauvinism, and jealousy to displayRead MoreMargaret Atwood : A Social Activist1225 Words   |  5 PagesMargaret Atwood: a Social Activist Through Feminist Literature The 1980s signified the continuation of an era of social and political upheaval in the United States of America. At the forefront was a socially conservative agenda that aimed to rescind women’s rights only ratified less than a decade before, a marked display of the nation’s desire to uphold traditional values that defined the preceding generation (Franà §oise). Among the devastating political climate, however, was Margaret Atwood:Read MoreShort Story By Margaret Atwood1031 Words   |  5 PagesMargaret Atwood once said, â€Å"I spent much of my childhood in northern Quebec, and often there was no radio, no television - there wasn’t a lot to entertain us. When it rained, I stayed inside reading, writing, drawing.† Born on November 18, 1939, she spent half her childhood moving to different places for her father’s study of entomology (insects). She obtained her love of writing through the different experiences that traveling provided as well as the encouragement of her parents. Though she didRead More Feminism In The Handmaids Tale Essay1588 Words   |  7 PagesFeminism In The Handmaids Tale      Ã‚  Ã‚   Feminism as we know it began in the mid 1960s as the Womens Liberation Movement. Among its chief tenants is the idea of womens empowerment, the idea that women are capable of doing and should be allowed to do anything men can do. Feminists believe that neither sex is naturally superior. They stand behind the idea that women are inherently just as strong and intelligent as the so-called stronger sex. Many writers have taken up the cause of feminism

Review Of About A Slave Girl By Linda Brent - 2717 Words

Beatrice Legre Literature 121 NW Professor: Flournoy September 28, 2014 Incidence in the Life of a Slave Girl Linda Brent whose life story is narrated in the book â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† is an intelligent, a persistent and courageous, a caring and loving person as well as her relative including her grandmother, her father, brother, uncles and aunty about whom she talks in the book display these qualities just like any human beings contrary to the believe of slaveholders who think that black slaves do not have feelings, and treat slaves like animal, even less than animal. According to the book The Norton Anthology of African American Literature second edition, Linda Brent who’s really name is Harriet Jacobs was born into slavery in Edenton, North Carolina, around 1813. She is the first woman to write by herself a slave narrative in the Unites State (p. 279). However, in her book â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† published in 1861, Linda indicates that she has a happy childhood until her sixth year, and then, she experiences hardship adulthood as a slave. Her parents were a couple living together in a confortable home although slaves. There, she lives lovingly in security and never thoughts to be a piece of properties entrust to her parents until a convenient time for a master to claim her. Her father and mother were both African-American in complexion calls mulattos; which certainly is cause by the mixture of white and black beings; and as much sheShow MoreRelatedIncidents In The Life Of A Slave Girl Summary1734 Words   |  7 PagesJasmine Eguia Reid History 1301 23 October 2017 Book Review: Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl â€Å"Reader is not to awaken sympathy for myself that I am telling you truthfully what I suffered. I do it to kindle a flame of compassion in your hearts for my sisters who are still in bondage.† With these words, Harriet Jacobs tells her reasons for deciding to make her personal story of enslavement public. Through this book, she is able to reveal the degradation, sexual exploitation, and unique brutalitiesRead MoreMetaphors from Slavery to Post Emancipation: An Exploration of The Loophole of Retreat and The Veil1613 Words   |  7 Pagesacross audiences was metaphor. This literary device allowed them to code meaning to present information in the dosage that each type of audience needed. This paper will explore â€Å"the loophole of retreat† in Harriet Jacobs’ Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl and â€Å"the Veil† in W.E.B. Dubois’ Souls of Black Folk and examine how the respective authors used these metaphors to code hidden meaning for the various types of readers. This paper will also explore how the use of metaphor changed and remained theRead MoreThe Life of A Slave Girl by Harriet A. Jacobs Essay1272 Words   |  6 PagesA slave narrative is to tell a slaves story and what they have been through. Six thousand former slaves from North America told about their lives during the 18th and 19th centuries. About 150 narratives were published as separate books or articles most slaves were born in the last years of the slave regime or during the Civil War. Some Slaves told about their experiences on plantations, in cities, and on small farms. Slave narratives are one of the only ways that people today know about the wayRead More Essay on Traditions in Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl3753 Words   |  16 PagesA Medley of Traditions in   Jacobs Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl       Though considerable effort has been made to classify Harriet Ann JacobsIncidents in the Life of a Slave Girl: Written by Herself as another example of the typical slave narrative, these efforts have in large part failed. Narrow adherence to this belief limits real appreciation of the texts depth and enables only partial understanding of the author herself Jacobss story is her own, political yes, but personal as wellRead MoreEssay on Women Authors of the 19th Century3166 Words   |  13 Pagesbee or two-- A breeze-- a caper in the trees-- And I am a rose! Dickinson’s poems are timeless and will always leave one bewildered and amazed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Harriet Jacobs was born in North Carolina in the early 1800s. Jacobs never realized she was a slave until her mother died when she was six. Jacobs then moved in with her grandmother and her white mistress. The mistress died when Jacobs was eleven, and she was then sent to Dr. James Norcom. Jacobs suffered physical and sexual abuse from Dr. NorcomRead MoreBibliographic Essay on African American History6221 Words   |  25 Pagesis available in The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: A Data Base on CD-Rom (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999). Statistics alone tell little about the human conditions; but, the special issue â€Å"New Perspectives on the Transatlantic 2 ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ Slave Trade,† William and Mary Quarterly 58 (January 2001), contains insightful essays that combine sheer numbers with interpretative narratives. G. Ugo Nwokeji, â€Å"African Conceptions of Gender and the Slave Traffic,† (47-68); and, David RichardsonRead MoreManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 PagesManagement Course: MBA−10 General Management California College for Health Sciences MBA Program McGraw-Hill/Irwin abc McGraw−Hill Primis ISBN: 0−390−58539−4 Text: Effective Behavior in Organizations, Seventh Edition Cohen Harvard Business Review Finance Articles The Power of Management Capital Feigenbaum−Feigenbaum International Management, Sixth Edition Hodgetts−Luthans−Doh Contemporary Management, Fourth Edition Jones−George Driving Shareholder Value Morin−Jarrell Leadership, Fifth

Essay on media avoidance - 912 Words

In my everyday life I use all sorts of media, they range from cable television, Internet, radio, and the newspaper. For myself media, is the form and technology I use to receive and communicate information. The different forms of media I was trying to avoid were cable television, the internet and radio. I figured if I could avoid those things I would be doing well in avoiding most obvious forms of mass media. What I realized as I began this whole experience this whole experience is that the mass media is an important if not the most important part of my everyday life. I use it for almost everything I do and it surrounds me. On my first day of avoiding the media, which was on a Saturday, my plan going into was not check my e-mail, not†¦show more content†¦The only thing that I could think to do was go and rent a movie. So thats what I did and it worked beautifully, I watched the movie â€Å"Man on Fire† with Denzel Washington (it is actually a very good movie). When I finished watching that my roommates insisted on watching MTV (music television if you didn’t know). I did catch a glimpse of that was happening in the world of music (oops). Realizing that I was straying I decided to go and get another movie from the video store. I got the movie The Last Samurai with Tom Cruise and watched it, which killed another couple of hours out of my day of avoiding media. So finally it was 7pm and I had been fairly successful in avoiding most media and I only had a couple of hours till I could go out to the bars with my friends and then go to bed. For those last couple of house I decided to spi n some records to kill time. Its the only other thing that I do that does require me to access other forms of mass media. I fortunately made it through my day and out to the bars, I then came home and went to bed. On my second day, which on a weekday, I had a slightly easier day of avoiding media due to the fact that I had to work all day. So I woke up at 7am and checked my e-mail out of habit. Shortly after doing that I realized that I was not supposed to do that (oops). Got to work at 8am and started my day. It was pretty easy to avoid media all I hadShow MoreRelatedWhy Corporations Are Avoiding Paying Millions On The Government Of The United States And Other Countries975 Words   |  4 PagesCorporations are avoiding paying taxes to the government of the United States and other countries. This tax avoidance costs the governments of various countries millions, if not billions of dollars in tax revenue every year. The government needs to stop the manipulation of tax loopholes by US corporations who are avoiding paying millions of dollars in taxes each year and eliminate the tax havens and loopholes once and for all. Tax loopholes need to be eliminated because multinational corporationsRead MoreThe Relationship Of Tax Avoidance With Corporate Social Responsibility1468 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship of tax avoidance with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ethical behaviour of companies. Specifically, corporate social responsibility can be defined as companies undertake the responsibility for social welfare and development (Matten and Moon, 2008). For ethical behaviour, it is referred to govern the actions of individuals and organizations in the business under contemporary standards (Epstein, 1987). Moreover, this is the difference between tax avoidance, which companies useRead MoreThe Relationship Between Tax Avoidance And Corporate Social Responsibility1507 Words   |  7 PagesThere is an ongoing debate about the relationship of tax avoidance with the corporate social responsibility (CSR) that companies undertake the responsibility for social welfare and development (Matten and Moon , 2008), and ethical behaviour of companies, which can be defined as govern the actions of an individual in the business organizations under contemporary standards (Ferrell and Gresham, 1985). Tax avoidance, which refers to companies use suitable methods to reduce the amount of tax within theRead MoreThe Relationship Of Tax Avoidance With Corporate Social Responsibility1498 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship of tax avoidance with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ethical behaviour of companies. Specifically, corporate social responsibility can be defined as companies undertake the responsibility for social welfare and development (Matten and Moon, 2008). For ethical behaviour, it is referred to govern the actions of individuals and organizations in the business under contemporary standards (Epstein, 1998). Moreover, this is the difference between tax avoidance, which companies useRead MoreThe Relationship Of Tax Avoidance With Corporate Social Responsibility1504 Words   |à ‚  7 Pagesrelationship of tax avoidance with corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ethical behaviour of companies. Specifically, corporate social responsibility can be defined as companies undertake the responsibility for social welfare and development (Matten and Moon, 2008). For ethical behaviour, it is referred to govern the actions of individuals and organizations in the business under contemporary standards (Epstein, 1998). Moreover, this is the difference between tax avoidance, which companies useRead MoreTax Avoidance2170 Words   |  9 Pagesdistinction between tax avoidance and tax evasion from academic publications. Tax books have defined tax avoidance as â€Å"the lawful minimization of tax liability through sound financial planning techniques, while tax evasion is the â€Å"unlawful attempt to minimize tax liability through fraudulent techniques to circumvent or frustrate tax laws†. The consequences of either action are also clear. The former is not punishab le by law while the latter is. However, the lines between evasion and avoidance have become blurredRead MoreCommunication Technology: Continuing To Push the Boundaries of What We Believe to Be Possible2404 Words   |  10 Pagescommon interest or focus. This could be the combining of multiple products into one single product, but in the world of mass media there are two main communication and media processes; content and distribution. Our text, The Dynamics of Mass Communication, talks about what is called corporate convergence. Author Joseph Dominick says corporate convergence would involve media companies that were focused on providing content (movie. television and music studios) acquiring companies designed to distributeRead MoreExamples Of Hiding In Plain Sight1398 Words   |  6 Pagesusers by saying that, â€Å"Some are trolls who will rush in and drop a couple bombastic, sensational comments and will never come again†¦.† As one navigates the internet, unfortu nately, the behaviors of these troll-like users are commonplace. Many social media users, for example, have felt the blow of a very hurtful comment from strangers or friends hidden behind a false identity. For example, Twitter has become a venue where anyone from famous politicians, Hollywood elite, to one’s immediate family mayRead MoreEssay about Impact of Mass Media on Individuals, Society, and Culture1178 Words   |  5 PagesImpact of Mass Media on Individuals, Society, and Culture Mass media, over the years, has had a profound effect on American society, on its culture, and on the individuals exposed to the media. Mass media is a form of socialization, having a long-term effect on each member of American society. While mass media targets the individual in short-term intervals, the overall influence on them has been established as the consumer moves from one impressionable age category to another. The long or short-Read MoreEssay on Mass Media Society1080 Words   |  5 PagesImpact of Mass Media on Individuals, Society, and Culture Mass media, over the years, has had a profound effect on American society, on its culture, and on the individuals exposed to the media. Mass media is a form of socialization, having a long-term effect on each member of American society. While mass media targets the individual in short-term intervals, the overall influence on them has been established as the consumer moves from one impressionable age category to another. The long or short-

The Green Door free essay sample

The text under analysis is a story written by O’Henry. His real name is William Sidney Porter and O. Henry is his pen name. O. Henry is an American short-story writer of the late 19th century. He is a representative of realism, who wrote about the life of ordinary people in New York City. Typical for O. Henrys stories is a twist of plot which turns on an ironic or coincidental. Although some critics were not so enthusiastic about his work, the public loved and loves it. The plots of his stories are clever and interesting, and the end is always surprising. His works include ‘The Four Million’, ‘The Gift of the Magi’, ‘The Furnished Room’, ‘Shoes’, ‘The Last Leaf’ and so on. No matter how many times you read them they always give you the same feeling of freshness. So does the story ‘The Green Door’. There are at least five reasons why you should read O. Henrys short stories: 1. O. Henry is the master of twist endings. He will surprise you with either a twist of fate, an unexpected ending, or a character trait revealed in the end that changes everything. 2. O. Henry loved playing with words, using dialects, and coining new words. In fact, hes the one who coined the term banana republic, which refers to a small country that is economically dependent on a single export[eksp t] commodity, such as bananas. If you want to build your vocabulary power, these stories will help you. O. Henrys vocabulary compared to Shakespeares. His words are simple, but varied . 4. Many of his stories are set in New York City, where he lived during most of his writing career. Many stories are also set in the Mid-West. 5. Although he went through a lot, with losing his wife to tuberculosis and being wrongly imprisoned, his stories are not dark or depressing. They talk about universal values, such as self-sacrifice, true love, and loyalty. The Green Door is a good example of a typical O. Henry’s story: set in New York City, and with a twist ending. The title of the story prepares us for what we are going to learn. There are some relations between the plot of the text and its title. In this story the title can be determined as thought-provoking and symbolic. It causes different thoughts about events which are going to take place in the plot. In our case the title can be associated with some events which are going to take plays with the characters behind the green door, in front of the green door or with the green door. At the same time it can be determined as symbolic. O. Henry uses the eponymous   green door as a symbol for everyday adventures which he encourages us to seek out. This story is with a little hint of romance   and adventure. The problem it is devoted to is that very often real life interferes with our intentions, and here with the intentions of the main character Rudolph Steiner, who is an adventure-seeker. The message of the story can be interpreted as following, that sometimes we should rely on Fate and then everyone will find his green door. From the viewpoint of presentation, it is the third person narrative. It sounds more objective, with the author rather distant from the events depicted in the text. The author does not impose his perspective on us. The main character of the story under analysis is Rudolf Steiner, a man who belongs to the middle class of American society of the beginning of the 20th century. His image is created through the direct and indirect personage’s characterizations. Directly the author tells us that he is a piano salesman, a commonplace citizen on the one hand, but on the other hand he is (as the author characterizes him) â€Å"a true adventurer; few were the evenings on which he didn’t go forth from his hall bedchamber in search of the unexpected†. No matter where he goes, he tries to find an adventure in every thing possible. His adventurous spirit has already led him â€Å"into strange paths† several times, but he still retains it. This time, having received a card with the inscription â€Å"The Green Door† from a distributer in the street, he undertakes another evening journey. Rudolph Steiner is a commonplace American and not an American at the same time. He lives here but he is quite different from the capitalist majority. O’Henry characterizes Rudolph indirectly through his speech: â€Å"This is ridiculous to go without eating†, â€Å"I’m coming back tomorrow to see how you are getting along – you can’t get rid of me so easily†. This difference was (in those days) and is vitally important nowadays, Rudolph is deeply hu’mane, despite the unspoken law of the society (as consequences of the so-called â€Å"social darvinism† – the fittest survive); he treats poor people the same way as all others and the financial state of a person he deals with is of no difference for him. We can draw this conclusion from his ‘conduct towards the girl: he understands not only her helplessness, but spends his (probably all his) money to support her, to take her out of trouble, showing his philanthropic Rudolph is awarded: the girl turns out not to be of the kind he thought before. He says: â€Å"All the same, I believe it was the hand of Fate that doped out the way for me to find her†. In terms of the contextual type, the story is written mostly as the author’s narration, but there are parts of the author’s meditation (‘ ’), description (‘A giant negro, fantastically dressed in a red embroidered coat, yellow trousers and a military cap ’) and dialogues ( – ‘And you have no relatives or friends in the city? ‘None, whatever. ’). The vocabulary the author employs to communicate to the reader is primarily informal because the action takes place in the court. The usage of the literary-bookish words (‘capital punishment’, ‘’to gain entry’, ‘m’lord’, ‘a witness box’’) emphasizes the formality of the occasion, but when Pat uses the formal vocabulary (‘If you’d be kind enough to just leave me for a few moments,’ Pa t added, ‘so that I can compose myself before the curtain goes up’, ‘I’d have been on my best behavior†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢) it creates a humorous effect due to his social status. At the same time there are a lot of informal words (‘a bloody Englishman’, ‘watch your tongue’, ‘nice one, Pat’, ‘that’s more like it’) which create a contrast to formal vocabulary. Pat speaks formally to show his intelligence, but everybody who works in the court answers informally. Due to the vocabulary used, the story is very emotional. The expressive author’s style is created with the help of lexical expressive means and stylistic devices. For example, metaphors: ‘the curtain goes up’, ‘Miss Piggy’; simile: ‘Miss Piggy looked as if she would have happily supported capital punishment for shoplifters’; comparison: ‘Adams was now dressed in a long black gown, looking like Pat’s old headmaster’; pun: ‘joist and a girder – Joyce†¦ and Goethe’; flashback: ‘Have I ever told you about the time I tried to get a job on a building site in Liverpool? ’. A combination of these expressive means and stylistic devices makes the author’s style highly original and easily recognizable. From the viewpoint of composition, the text is made up of the following parts: exposition. It embraces Paragraph 1 of the text and introduces the protagonist of the story and the scene of the action. In this part the author prepares us for the problems the text deals with; development of events. It is the biggest in size and the most important part of the story. It starts with Paragraph 2 and is developed up to the end of the text, up to the last paragraph and includes the climax and the anticlimax. Here all the events take place and all the conflicts are stated and revealed; the climax is the moment when Pat is sentenced to three months which is not enough for him; he anticlimax is the next paragraph after the climax. Here Pat with the help of his ability to manipulate people, changes his verdict to six months. This text doesn’t include either an introduction or a conclusion. This can be explained by the fact that the text is abridged, so there are parts of the story which both precede and follow the given text or the author wanted to make an open final. In conclus ion it is worth mentioning that the story analysed is the author’s message to be strong and confident people because it is the only way to survive in modern cruel world.

Oil Production in UAE

Women as Image essays

Women as Image essays One of the most basic connections between womens experience in this culture and womens experience in film is precisely the relationship of spectator and spectacle. Since women are spectacles in their everyday lives, theres something about coming to terms with film from the perspective of what it means to be an object of spectacle and what it means to be a spectator that is really coming to terms with that relationship exists both on the screen and in everyday life. Judith Mayne Since the 1960s feminist film theory has been examined in relative detail. The idea of the male gaze, conjectured by feminist film theorist Laura Mulvey in her well known article Visual pleasure and narrative cinema became a base point for further analysis of the spectators role in film. However relevant the idea of the male gaze became, an area requiring more investigation was that of the female spectator and her role in viewing the spectacle on the screen. In the above quote Judith Mayne highlights the importance of the female spectators journey through realizing herself as a spectacle in her everyday life and realizing herself also as a spectator viewing herself as a spectacle on the screen. By coming to terms with the fact that women are spectacles in life, their relationship to women on the screen becomes complex. The male gaze is both voyeuristic and narcissistic, as the male spectator as the bearer of the look sees the female protagonist as both an object/spectacle, and also adopts a narcissistic identification with the ideal ego of the male protagonist. The female spectacle is offered up as an object of fetish for both the male spectators in the film and in for viewing audience. The gaze however need not be specifically male as theorist E. Ann Kaplan explored the relevance of the active/male passive/female debate. The female spectator need not necessarily adopt a masculine gaze to the scree...

Affirmative Action Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Affirmative Action - Essay Example The phrase â€Å"affirmative action† was introduced by Executive Order 10925. EO 10925 was issued by U.S. President John F. Kennedy in 1961, which urged employers to actively adopt policies and safeguards against discriminatory practices in their workplace. Four years after, EO 11246 made it mandatory for federal contractors and subcontractors to: (1) identify underutilized minorities, (2) assess availability of minorities, and if available, (3) to set goals and timetables to fill vacancies with minorities with the aim of reducing such underutilization. In 1967, EO 11375 extended the benefits of AA to women. The further expansion of the application of AA was made possible by the U.S. Supreme Court when it promulgated the Bakke decision. In this case the Court was asked to rule whether or not it was unconstitutional for universities to give preference for blacks and minorities in admitting applicants for placement, because it violated the doctrine of â€Å"equal protections of the laws.† The Court ruled that â€Å"racial preferences are permissible if their purpose is to improve racial diversity among students, and if they do not stipulate fixed minority quotas but take race into account as one factor among many (Dworkin, 79). Today, AA is more widely observed, but as employment prospects and educational placements become more competitive, more people are raising questions about the propriety and fairness of AA. In defense of affirmative action According to the study by Bowen & Bok (cited by Dworkin, 79), the success of racial integration is attributable to AA in education, because it has enabled a higher rate of graduation among African American students, which led to more African American leaders in industry, professionals, community leaders, and subsequently a more sustained interaction and lasting friendships among the races than would have been otherwise expected. The benefits of AA are not in themselves the moral argument; the argument is th at where for past centuries racial minorities have been constrained to live in conditions of extreme social and economic disadvantage, it is but right that AA provide for them now an advantage over the majority to make up for the adverse conditions they have been subjected to. The implications are more than merely symbolic, and the effects referred to are more than just economic. Present-day descendants of slaves and people of color start life from a position of disadvantage in institutionalized society as a result of the limitations imposed on their ancestors. This is known as the â€Å"stigma theory† (Soni, 581). Parents denied an education because of their race will provide little inspiration for their children to conceive of and aspire for such education. The moral precept that all people are created equal, to be applied with effect, refers to enabling individuals be perceived and regarded the respect of equals. AA not only provides reparation for the past, but more pragm atically speeds up the slow process of transforming social perception. An African American, or woman, or a person with a disability, are persons who, in aspiring for the opportunities provided by the equality clause, struggle under the weight of social perception which, while not discriminatory per se, tends to manifest in subtle ways of stereotyping that renders the â€Å"equality† superficial. In this manner, AA provides an active catalyst to accelerate the social transformation to true equality. Critique of affirmative action Detractors of AA point out that the policy has been implemented by positive and aggressive action â€Å"

Leadership and battle strategy in the Persian War Essay

Leadership and battle strategy in the Persian War - Essay Example The thesis statement encompassing this paper is the "leadership and battle strategies in Persian Wars". The Persian wars started with a series of battles within the Greek states, predominantly on the part of Persia against several Greek cities in view of the Persian King's strategy of expanding his kingdom and rule. The Persians waged a war against the Athens and Erectia because of the support these states provided to Ionians and other Greek cities in their fight against Persia. The Persian leader at that time was King Darius I, the Great King of Persia who succeeded in seizing control of almost all the Greek states other than the Athens and Strata (Pomeroy 187-188). The preeminent of all the battles fought in the Persian war was the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC that shaped the destiny of Greek empire. This war not only determined the extent of influence exerted by Persia or Athens politically, but also the prevalence of democracy in Greece. The history of Greece would certainly have been different had the Persians won the battle of Marathon against the Athenians. The Athenians were not as strong as Persians with regard to the infantry, war resources and weapons. The Persians were great in number as compared to the Persians, but were endowed with war discipline and an effective military system along with an efficient leadership. Weir propounds that the strategy Greeks employed in their war with Persians was to evoke insurgency among the people who were inside the Persian Empire so as to subvert their strength. The Athenian commander, Miltiades, had also once remained a Persian commander who betrayed the King of Persia. The Greeks, at that time, also excogitated an effective military system that enabled their soldiers to move about the narrow mountains swiftly. They had also developed in terms of weapons, shields and armors that were used by the fighters in the course of war. The primary weapons that the Greek army mostly carried were spears while short swords were also kept as secondary weapons of war (11). The use of traitors in a battle against the enemy seems to be the most eminent strategy engaged by leaders even in the ancient Greece. Miltiades who once happened to be a tyrant in Greek states and also a commander of Persian army, joined hands with Athenians after his partition with the King of Persia. He proved to be one of the prominent leaders in the series of Persian wars who played an effective role in motivating the Athenians to drive the Persians out of the state. When faced with the dilemma of attacking the powerful Persian army, the Athenian leaders had different opinions as to risk a fight or not. Some leaders were in favor of fighting the Persians in an open attack while others were reluctant of taking the risk. The thing that was at stake was not only the lives of Athenians, but also more importantly, the emerging democracy that had the ability to free the Greek world from the claws of tyranny. Miltiades, who was strongly against the Persians, incited the commanders to attack the Persian infantry so as to defend the democracy of Athens (Weir 10). Miltiades also persuaded the other Athenian leaders to go in the favor of attack in order to save Athens from the tyrannical rule of the King Darius as in Persia. Persians had to confront the two strongest opponents of all the Greek States viz. Athens and Strata as a consequence of attacking Athens. Darius, the Great

Commentary on Women Beware Women Essay Example for Free

Commentary on Women Beware Women Essay Beware Women is a Jacobean tragedy, which has a complex plot and deals with corrupted characters. This tragedy is about corruption in the court and life in general, love by money and how women can lead other women to destruction. As Tricomi states about the characters, they ‘are not wholly the product of their circumstances, but their circumstances condition their choices and propel them toward their destiny’. Middleton, as other Jacobean playwrights before him, has managed to point out that ‘aristocratic life is brutal and corrupt’. 2] The focus of this commentary will be concentrated on marriage and to what can lead one to fall apart. The first scene (Act I), deals with the characters of the play’s main plot: Leantio, Bianca and the Mother. In this scene, the readers come across with the insulting behaviour towards Bianca, where she is treated as an object. Leantio speaks of his wife with words of business, to him she is â€Å"the most unvalued’st purchase†.He describes her as if she was a dangerous object that must stay hidden and safe, away from the sight of men. When he talks about her, it is obvious that Bianca is for him a treasure and he is the thief that now has to hide his â€Å"best piece of theft† (I. ii) in a safe place so no one will steal it from him. Such words describing a human being are rather cruel, especially when Leantio is talking about a person for whom he is supposed to have true and pure feelings of love. Leantio is aware that Bianca’s family is rich, but he also knows that by marrying Bianca in secrecy and taking her away from them, Bianca will lose all of the property and money that belongs to her. He has also written over to her his house and put his mother in jeopardy. Although his act seems a romantic one and, even though he speaks of that relationship and feelings as being pure, his love is not mature; rather, it is one filled with jealousy. In the beginning of the play Bianca could be characterised as the victim because she has a mother-in-law who is not fond of her and does not approve their marriage and she is now imprisoned in poverty and in home. However, Bianca is ‘as much a victim as perpetrator, and she is to be judged as a tragic protagonist with a vexing mix of virtues and flaws’. [3] As seen in the plot, the Mother aids and abets in Bianca’s meeting with the Duke. The Mother and Livia hatched up a plan for Bianca’s rape and she falls into the trap, as Isabella did, but the rape was almost enticed on her part. ‘The attitude towards Bianca is one of dehumanizing possession and manipulation’. [4] But Bianca, after that, changes drastically and soon enough she becomes one of the most corrupted characters, who along with others, brings about the downfall and the final bloodshed in the play. Bianca chose money over her marriage, although, she blames the other women for her disaster. ‘Treachery and betrayal [ ] are Bianca’s terms of explanation for her downfall’. [5] Bianca is seen by her mother-in-law as an added burden to her son’s finances. The Mother’s interest is focused only on money. For the Mother, Bianca as a wife has nothing to offer, she will only demand and receive. The Mother is sizing up the economics of their situation now that there are three members in the family. Leantio can barely support himself, and up until now he had to support his mother as well. The Mother doubts that her son is able to support a family of three. She claims that nothing can save him from this financial dead end by saying â€Å"My life can give you But little helps, and my death lesser hopes† (I. i). The Mother thinks of Bianca, as for every other wife, that she will require from Leantio â€Å"maintenance† (I. ii) fitting to her â€Å"birth and virtues† (I. ii), but also gratification of her desire for â€Å"affections, wills, and humours† (I. ii). [6] Leantio then expresses his intentions towards Bianca, by replying to his mother’s words, pleading with her not to â€Å"teach her to rebel† (I. ii) now that â€Å"she’s in a good way to obedience† (I. ii). Leantio’s â€Å"assurance† (I. ii), of keeping his â€Å"jewel† (I. ii) locked away â€Å"from all men’s eyes† (I. ii), is his mother. She is the one who holds the â€Å"key† (I. i) to his â€Å"treasure† (I. ii), and â€Å"old mothers† (I. ii) are â€Å"good to look to keys† (I. ii) when â€Å"sons lock chests† (I. ii). However, the irony here is that later on, it’s the Mother herself who pushes Bianca towards rape with the Duke, first to get rid of her, but then to accrue some of the benefits from the court life for herself and her son. Bianca is to Leantio nothing but an object of â€Å"great value† (I. ii), a â€Å"matchless jewel† (I. ii) that he has stolen. Because â€Å"temptation is a devil will not stick to fasten upon a saint† (I. ii), Leantio’s â€Å"gem† (I. ii) must stay hidden and locked. This is the â€Å"great policy† (I. i) for Leantio in order to never lose a treasure; never â€Å"show thieves our wealth† (I. ii). Bianca is the â€Å"treasure† (I. ii), Leantio is the â€Å"thief† (I. ii), and the â€Å"key† (I. ii) to his happiness holds his mother, thus, it could be said that the chest with the key is symbolic of Leantio and Bianca’s relationship. To conclude, this tragedy proves that women should beware women. Women lead other women to destruction, and are even responsible for another woman’s rape. Corruption and enemies are present everywhere but, as Bianca says in her dying breath, â€Å"Like our own sex, we have no enemy†.

Franz Kafkas Life Reflected in his Work, The Metamorphosis Essay

Franz Kafka's Life Reflected in his Work, The Metamorphosis The Metamorphosis written by Franz Kafka is considered one of the few great, poetic works of the twentieth century. Addressing The Metamorphosis, Elias Canetti, a Nobel Prize-winning author, has commented, "In The Metamorphosis Kafka has reached the height of his mastery: he has written something which he could never surpass, because there is nothing which The Metamorphosis could be surpassed by - one of the few great, perfect poetic works of this century" (http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/m4lec5a.htm). There are many symbolisms and parallelisms used in the story. "[Kafka's] disturbing, symbolic fiction, especially The Metamorphosis, written in German, [not] only prefigures the oppression and despair of the late 20th century" but also is an account of the dramatic transformations that had occurred during his own life ("Kafka Franz", Funk?, 2000). This beautifully written masterpiece of Kafka's is clearly symbolic of his own life and nightmare-like life experiences he had with his father . "Suppose all that you have always valued in your life was shown to be an illusion. What if your precious beliefs, maxims, platitudes, and traditions were inverted and distorted beyond recognition? You suddenly realize that what is good is bad; what is beauty is foul; what is virtue, vice. What if all your points of reference were to shift: North becomes South; black becomes white; deviant becomes saint; saint becomes deviant. Suppose that this transformation - a metamorphosis of perception - were to come to you and you alone. Suddenly you awake, and in utter solitude you discover that your values have reversed along with you: you are a roach!" (http://www.vr.net/~herzogbr/kafka/). Yo... ...s. and Ed. Corngold, Stanley. New York: Norton, 1996. 61-74. Corngold, Stanley. "Preface." The Metamorphosis. Trans. and Ed. Corngold, Stanley. Sydney: Bantan, 1972. xi Kafka, Franz. "Explanatory Notes To The Text." The Metamorphosis. Trans. and Ed. Corngold, Stanley. Sydney: Bantan, 1972. 77. Kafka, Franz. "Documents." The Metamorphosis. Trans. and Ed. Corngold, Stanley. Sydney: Bantan, 1972. 103-112. Madden, William A. "A Myth of Mediation: Kafka's 'Metamorphosis'." THOUGHT XXVI.101 (Summer 1951): 246-66. Rpt. in "Kafka, Franz." Short Story Criticism. Ed. Thomas Votteler. Vol. 5. Detroit: Gale, 1996. 210-213. "Franz Kafka." Encyclopedia Of World Biogarphy. 2nd ed. 1998. "KAFKA, Franz." Funk and Wagnalls New Encyclopedia. CD-ROM . World Almanac Education Group. 2000. "Metamorphosis by Kafka." http://www.vr.net/~herzogbr/kafka/meta09.html Franz Kafka's Life Reflected in his Work, The Metamorphosis Essay Franz Kafka's Life Reflected in his Work, The Metamorphosis The Metamorphosis written by Franz Kafka is considered one of the few great, poetic works of the twentieth century. Addressing The Metamorphosis, Elias Canetti, a Nobel Prize-winning author, has commented, "In The Metamorphosis Kafka has reached the height of his mastery: he has written something which he could never surpass, because there is nothing which The Metamorphosis could be surpassed by - one of the few great, perfect poetic works of this century" (http://www.mala.bc.ca/~mcneil/m4lec5a.htm). There are many symbolisms and parallelisms used in the story. "[Kafka's] disturbing, symbolic fiction, especially The Metamorphosis, written in German, [not] only prefigures the oppression and despair of the late 20th century" but also is an account of the dramatic transformations that had occurred during his own life ("Kafka Franz", Funk?, 2000). This beautifully written masterpiece of Kafka's is clearly symbolic of his own life and nightmare-like life experiences he had with his father . "Suppose all that you have always valued in your life was shown to be an illusion. What if your precious beliefs, maxims, platitudes, and traditions were inverted and distorted beyond recognition? You suddenly realize that what is good is bad; what is beauty is foul; what is virtue, vice. What if all your points of reference were to shift: North becomes South; black becomes white; deviant becomes saint; saint becomes deviant. Suppose that this transformation - a metamorphosis of perception - were to come to you and you alone. Suddenly you awake, and in utter solitude you discover that your values have reversed along with you: you are a roach!" (http://www.vr.net/~herzogbr/kafka/). Yo... ...s. and Ed. Corngold, Stanley. New York: Norton, 1996. 61-74. Corngold, Stanley. "Preface." The Metamorphosis. Trans. and Ed. Corngold, Stanley. Sydney: Bantan, 1972. xi Kafka, Franz. "Explanatory Notes To The Text." The Metamorphosis. Trans. and Ed. Corngold, Stanley. Sydney: Bantan, 1972. 77. Kafka, Franz. "Documents." The Metamorphosis. Trans. and Ed. Corngold, Stanley. Sydney: Bantan, 1972. 103-112. Madden, William A. "A Myth of Mediation: Kafka's 'Metamorphosis'." THOUGHT XXVI.101 (Summer 1951): 246-66. Rpt. in "Kafka, Franz." Short Story Criticism. Ed. Thomas Votteler. Vol. 5. Detroit: Gale, 1996. 210-213. "Franz Kafka." Encyclopedia Of World Biogarphy. 2nd ed. 1998. "KAFKA, Franz." Funk and Wagnalls New Encyclopedia. CD-ROM . World Almanac Education Group. 2000. "Metamorphosis by Kafka." http://www.vr.net/~herzogbr/kafka/meta09.html

The Impact of Aerial Forces in the First World War

The Italo-Turkish war, which lasted from 1911-12 and was predominantly fought in Libya, was the first recorded event of a bomb dropped from an aeroplane onto the enemy. The 1912-13 Balkans also witnessed elementary aerial bombing executed against the opponent from aeroplanes and airships. However, World War One was the first major conflict to implement forces on a large scale that would literally elevate the battlefield. The aeroplanes and zeppelins of the Great War opened the door to an entirely new way to wage battle, which has unquestionably altered the nature of war forever. Nevertheless, despite being the war that ornamented the importance of military aviation, it is unclear whether or not this monumental achievement in military technology actually affected the course of WWI. Did the vividly coloured bi-planes and cumbersome airships flying over the muddy, blood-soaked trenches actually alter the course of the war, or were they just prototypes seen to have a great deal of potential? The key objective of this essay is to examine the impact that aerial forces had on the war; to determine if and how they shaped the outcome. Therefore, it is not the purpose of this essay to prove the monumental significance of military aviation in the First World War, but rather to investigate the importance of the role that it played. For the purposes of precision and brevity, we will focus mainly on the British –and to an extent, German- involvement in aviation during the First World War. Although other nations that were involved, such as France, USA and Austria-Hungary, contributed significant achievements to the field of military aviation in WWI, analyzing the impacts made by the air forces of these countries would make an essay –meant to be concise- far too complex. However, it is difficult to understand the impact of Britain’s Royal Flying Corps (RFC) and Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS) on the war without comparing them to the opponent. Therefore, we will also occasionally examine the Imperial German Army Air Service (Luftstreitkrafte) and its role in the skies above Europe during the Great War. We will first ascertain an understanding of the magnitude of aerial contributions to the war by comparing the number of those enlisted in the aerial services to those enlisted in the other military branches. We will then examine the various duties of the air services in the war and analyze the impact that these roles had on the war. Finally, we will discuss the psychological attitudes held towards the aircraft and pilots during the war, and whether or not these shaped the course of WWI in any way. By looking at these various components of military aviation during this period, we will be able to determine the impact it made on its debut large-scale conflict. For the purpose of clarity, it is important to define a few terms that will be used frequently throughout the course of this essay. For example, when attempting to determine the impact that military aviation made on WWI, we are trying to determine how large a role it played throughout the war and whether or not the war was drastically altered due to the inclusion of air services on a large scale. Moreover, an obvious –but also crucial- clarification to make is that aircraft and aviation are not terms strictly limited to areoplanes, but to all vessels capable of flight. Consequently, zeppelins and balloons are also encapsulated by the term aircraft in this essay. Keeping in mind these clarities will certainly enhance the focus when reading this report. Throughout the course of the war, British planes were operated either by the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) or the Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS). In 1918, the two services amalgamated to form the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the war-time statistics of both services were also conjoined. Throughout the course of the war, roughly 30,000 officers and 300,000 enlisted men served in either the RFC or RNAS. This figure of men who served in the aerial branches of the British military made up only 6% of the 5,397,000 British soldiers mobilized in the Great War. Of the men who served in the RFC and RNAS, 6,166 were killed; 7,245 were wounded; 3,128 became missing or POWs; and 84 were interned. Therefore, the total number of casualties sustained by the RFC and RNAS was 16,623, which was only 5% of the total number who served in air services. Of the 2,367,000 British military casualties in the war, less than 1% of that figure was comprised of RFC or RNAS casualties. Similarly, of the 5,952,000 German war casualties, only 16,000 of those were members of the Luftstreitkrafte. We can gather from this statistical analysis that the British and German (similar trends for the air forces of other nations) air forces did not have a great quantitative presence in the war in comparison to the other military branches of WWI. Furthermore, because WWI was a war in which success and victory relied heavily upon the number of troops deployed, the combat contributions made by aerial forces cannot measure up to the combat contributions made by the armies and navies of WWI. Military aviation was still in its prototypical stage, which prevented it from making a serious impact on the actual fighting of the war. However, as we will discuss later on, aviation played a crucial role in observation and reconnaissance, which was a hugely significant strategic impact. The impact that aviation had on the bombing campaigns of the Great War was rather miniscule. For example, C. G. Grey, an aviation historian, wrote: â€Å"During 1914-18 the damage done in England by [aerial] bombing was practically negligible. A few houses were damaged in a few English towns. About 1,500 people altogether were killed. No armament factory of any importance was destroyed. † Germany –considering her geographic location was closer to the war epicenter- was slightly more prone to bombings than Great Britain was but it was still a minute threat when factored into the whole grand scheme of war-induced devastation. Nevertheless, aerial forces did play an ample role as support units during land and sea battles. For example, during the Battle of the Somme in 1916, the RFC played a substantial part in providing support for the British and French troops on the ground. The Luftstreitkrafte was also present at the battle, but the British, with the assistance of the French Armee de l'Air (Army of the air), had the strength in numbers. Tactics would comprise of bombing and gunning the enemy trenches as a means of cover for advancing infantry and patrolling the skies for enemy aircraft. However, reconnaissance and observation was undoubtedly the most useful role conducted by the aerial forces of WWI and probably the way in which it made the greatest strategic impact. Artillery was arguably the deadliest risk to the soldiers on the battlefield, as one shell explosion could jeopardize a multiplicity of soldiers. Airships, balloons and aeroplanes all assumed the task of scouting out artillery positions and relaying the information to the ground forces. Moreover, aerial photography was becoming more popular with the military, which allowed suspected locations of enemy activity to be confirmed with photographic evidence. In this sense, aviation affected the Great War to a considerable extent, as it allowed both sides to see the enemy prior to combat engagement. Furthermore, at the battle of Jutland in 1916, the largest naval battle of the war, aeroplanes were used by the British to observe the activities of the German fleet. The HMS Engadine was able hold up to four seaplanes -in a hanger on her deck- that could be lowered into the water to take off. Short Type 184 seaplanes took off from beside the Engadine in the first recorded instance of aerial reconnaissance of an active enemy fleet. Although these Short Type 184s were capable of carrying torpedoes and bombs, they were only used for reconnaissance during the battle of Jutland. The HMS Engadine and other ships of her class were the initial models for the modern day aircraft carriers, the flag ships of contemporary navies for their ability to dispatch aerial units. Although the HMS Engadine and her four Short Type 184 seaplanes did not seriously affect the course of the battle (Britain maintained naval supremacy in the North Sea but suffered greater losses than Germany), it did demonstrate the potential of naval aviation to determine the movements and position of an enemy fleet before it comes into contact with the home fleet. Two years before Jutland, Winston Churchill, when he was Lord of the Admiralty, described the importance of using seaplanes in the military: â€Å"Seaplanes, which when they carry torpedoes, may prove capable of playing a decisive part in operations against capital ships. The facilities of reconnaissance at sea, where hostile vessels can be sighted at enormous distances while the seaplane remains out of possible range, offer a far wider prospect even in the domain of information to seaplanes than to land aeroplanes, which would be continually brought under rifle and artillery fire from concealed positions on the ground, among trees, behind hedges, etc. This clearly shows the potential that seaplanes were believed to posses, and despite the rather limited role they played in fighting the war, they certainly captured the attention of some notable figures in the hierarchy of the British military, like Churchill. We can conclude that the strategic value of aviation in the First World War was not as precious as the other components of the military (infantry, artillery, navy, etc), simply because aviation was still in its elementary phases and was not yet implemented on as large a scale as the other components. However, the psychological impact aviation had on the war was undoubtedly staggering. The idea of man flying through the air in a winged contraption was essentially unimaginable twenty years prior to the war, but the aeroplane, which only took off for the first time in 1903, was now being implemented against the enemy in armed conflict. The pilots who flew these aeroplanes were encapsulated by the imagery of pioneers exploring the vast unknown, and those who excelled in the cock pit, the flying â€Å"aces†, became national heroes. For example, Manfred von Richtofen, popularly known as ‘The Red Baron’, became such an icon for the German people in WWI for his number of â€Å"kills† (Richtofen shot down 80 enemy planes) that the Luftstreitkrafte was hesitant to continue sending him on missions. This was because it was feared his death would affect the morale of the entire nation, which could potentially alter the course of the war. This fear was partially due to the fact that the German government propagandized the image of Richtofen to build up morale in the first place. It seemed obvious to choose a man who excelled in flying, the exciting new novelty, to be a national hero. His face could be seen on postcards throughout Germany and his tales of impressive bravery were embellished by the government to create a hero that the German people could love and support throughout the war. In Britain, the government took precaution to avoid the risk of losing national morale, which meant the government would not publish the names of the ‘Aces’ until they either died or exited the service (the government did, however, embellish stories of the British ‘Aces’ a few years after the war to create a sense of national pride). The aviation historian J. M. Spaight wrote: â€Å"Her pilots were magnificent, though it was not the practice in the British service, as it was in all other services, to publish regularly the names of the ‘Aces,’ i. . of those pilots who had brought down five enemy machines or more. † Britain (including the Commonwealth countries) was the country with the most ‘Aces’, although only a few had their identities published during the war, because it was a concern that these pilots would become idealized as national war heroes, lifting morale with every enemy kill and diminishing it their own fatalitie s. This precaution certainly makes clear the impact that aviation had on the wartime morale. A brave pilot who would shoot down the opponent in a thrilling dogfight in the clouds certainly caught the attention of the masses, and because of this, it shaped a significant mentality of WWI. The zeppelins of WWI also contributed to the psychological impact. Even though the balloon had been used since the days of the Franco-Prussian War, WWI was the first war that witnessed the military zeppelins capable of traveling long distances (German zeppelins were able to travel impressive distances across the English Channel to conduct bombing raids on Britain) to inflict damage on the enemy. The zeppelins, which were predominantly used by the Luftstreitkrafte, also conducted important observation and decoy missions. The way the zeppelins created a psychological impact, however, had to do with their bombing abilities, as they were able to transcend the battlefield and bomb areas not directly affected by combat. Even though the damage caused by zeppelin raids in Britain was minimal, as we discussed earlier, it did eliminate the feelings of safety and isolation that were once a great reassurance to the British population when their country was at war. C. G. Grey wrote: â€Å"The psychological moment of the populace of any country is likely to be much more affected by air [zeppelin] bombing than by any artillery bombardment. † The British government capitalized upon this by publishing posters saying: â€Å"It is far better to face the bullets than to be killed at home by a bomb: join the army at once and help to stop and air raid. †The fact that the British government was able to capitalize on the fear of aerial raids certainly suggests a deep impact caused by the potential of these zeppelins. Therefore, it would be acting outside the realms of validity to say that the zeppelins in WWI delivered no impact. However, Winston Churchill believed the zeppelins to be a minimal threat once the aeroplane started to achieve greater potential: â€Å"I believed that this enormous blabber of combustible and explosive gas would prove to be easily destructible. I was sure the fighting aeroplane, rising lightly laden from its own base, armed with incendiary bullets, would harry, rout and burn these gaseous monsters. This theory – the aeroplane being able to easily destroy the zeppelin- which Churchill called the ‘Hornet Theory’, proved to be true throughout the war. Therefore, even though the zeppelins did impact the psychological moment of the British populace to an extent through the use of bombing campaigns, aeroplanes were the predominant victors in the skies over WWI. It goes without saying that there was not one universal opinion on military aviation within the highest ranks of the British military and government. It is important to consider the attitudes of powerful figures in the government and military, as they wer e the ones who could control the degree of impact aviation had on the war. There were some stout advocates who stressed the importance of deploying aircraft into military affairs, like Winston Churchill, who was mentioned earlier, and Hugh Trenchard, the â€Å"father† of the RAF. Churchill considered aviation (aeroplanes and airships) to be the most efficient approach in conducting reconnaissance missions. However, there were feelings of the contrary held by Field Marshall Sir Douglas Haig, who a starch opponent of the implementation of areoplanes into the army for reconnaissance purposes (arguably the most important function of the aeroplane at that time) and was caught saying in 1914: â€Å"I hope none of you gentlemen is so foolish as to think that aeroplanes will be able to be usefully employed for reconnaissance purposes in war. There is only one way for a commander to get information by reconnaissance, and that is by the use of cavalry. Haig commanded the British Expeditionary Force from 1915 until the end of the war, leading the British armies in some of the greatest battles of the war. It is a valid conclusion to say that British military aviation would have taken off to a greater extent had the commander of British forces in Europe been a greater advocate for flight. However, despite being an old-fashioned soldier who preferred the use of infantry and mobilized ground units, Haig saw that the nature of war was changing. It was no longer practical to send cavalry units across the field charging the enemy now that artillery and rifles were more advanced and powerful. Furthermore, Haig knew that a hussar could not stand up to the newly implemented battle tanks rolling across the fields. Therefore, the use of aviation may not have been preferable to Haig’s military taste, but it was not dismissed by him, as the changing nature of war meant it had to be recognized. Hugh Trenchard, who would become the first Marshall of the RAF in 1918, said to the Haig in 1916: â€Å"As far as at present can be foreseen, there is absolutely no limit to the scale of its future independent war use. And the day may not be far off when aerial operations with their devastation of enemy lands and destruction of industrial and populous centres on a vast scale may become the principal operations of war, to which the older forms of military and naval operations may be secondary and subordinate. † Trenchard, among other politicians and high-ranking officials in the RFC and RNAS (Frederick Sykes being another igure who emphasized the importance of military aviation) , may have convinced Haig that aviation was a serious thing, but there is no record of Haig ever embracing military aviation as a monumental achievement in military technology. To specify, it is not being stated that Haig was not in awe of the technical capabilities of aviation, but he did not consider it the most valuable tool on the battlefield. By analyzing the various components of WWI aviation, we can agree that our findings were rather varied. For example, by comparing the quantitative presence –as well as casualty figures- of air force servicemen to the enlisted men of the other branches of the military, we reached the conclusion that there were far less men and resources invested into the aerial theatre of the war than the amount invested in the other theatres of the war. Furthermore, we examined the extent of damage caused by aerial bombing raids during the First World War, and concluded that the impact was not nearly as intense as the other factors of war-induced devastation. However, we did explore the ways in which aviation benefitted the process of observation and reconnaissance. In this sense, aviation in WWI displayed a hugely significant strategic value that undoubtedly helped save the lives of soldiers on the ground. Moreover, the aeroplanes used in the naval campaigns of the war demonstrated the potential value of observing an enemy fleet before an actual engagement. Therefore, the strategic impact aviation made on the war was mainly due to reconnaissance. Although the bombing and support roles of aircraft did make a humble impact on the war, getting ‘a bird’s eye view’ of enemy activities proved more valuable than imprecisely dropping a bomb on an enemy target. However, the realization of its potential and the psychological attitudes associated with it are arguably the greatest impacts that military aviation had on WWI. The pilot ‘Aces’ became national heroes that their countries could idolize as symbols for great military achievement in the war. With their successes came high morale, and with their deaths came iconic losses. Moreover, aviation introduced the idea of the battle transcending the battlefield to the factories and farms at home that aided the war effort. Consequently, psychological attitudes of those on the home front were seriously affected. When we determine the impact that aviation had on the First World War we must ask one question: would the war have had a different outcome had aerial forces been exempt from the equation? The answer is probably not. Nevertheless, it did open the doors to an entirely new way to conduct warfare, which has changed the nature of war forever.

Child Poverty And Its Effects On Children - 1214 Words

Introduction Child poverty has become one of the most significant ongoing issues in New Zealand. According to the Child Poverty Monitor Technical Report in 2013, one out of four New Zealand children are growing up in poverty and one out of six are growing up without meeting the basic needs such as adequate and nutritious food, health care, adequate clothing and housing. Ten percent of the New Zealand children are at the hardest end of poverty and sixty percent of children living in poverty will likely live this way for most of their childhood (Craig, Reddington, Wicken, Oben, Simpson, 2013). The child poverty rate in recent years has almost doubled compared to the 1980s, which was about 13% (Boston, 2013). This is not only surprising but also concerning. The costs of child poverty affects children in the form of ill health and high mortality, lowered educational and employment opportunities, increased criminal and violence behaviours and much more. Child poverty not only harms the individual child, but also afflicted the society as a whole with both social and economic costs (Craig, 2013). Boston (2013) also suggested that a nation’s prosperity is reduced with substantial rates of child poverty based on empirical evidence. Children are the future of New Zealand’s society, and they need to be well nourished, housed and educated to contribute to a functioning and thriving society. As future nurses working in this environment, it’s very important to recognise child poverty asShow MoreRelatedChild Poverty And Its Effects On Children1123 Words   |  5 PagesChild Poverty in Canada Grace Abbott once said, â€Å"Child labor and poverty are inevitably bound together and if you continue to use the labor of children as the treatment for the social disease of poverty, you will have both poverty and child labor to the end of time.† Child poverty is one of the biggest issues facing Canadian children today. 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