The Problem of Power in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

The conundrum of Power in Macbeth Power poisons every man who covets it for himself (Chute 126). In the Shakespeares play, Macbeth, the character, Macbeth, kills the reckon King Duncan in his bay for power. However, during his rule, Macbeth demonstrates that he is incapable of mastering the power and responsibilities of being a king. His drive for power and maintaining his power is the source of his downfall. Macbeth is not meant to obtain authority beyond Thane of Cawdor. When Macbeth is king, he does not use his authority judiciously. Macbeths eventual demise is by virtue of his infantile fixation for power and retaining his power. Before he want the power of being king, Macbeth was a look oned noble. He was labeled, brave Macbeth (Act I, scene, ii, note of hand 16) for his actions in battle. During a conversation between Duncan and the Captain, the Captain describes how Macbeth brutally slew the rise up Macdonwald Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel, Which smoked with bloody execution, ... gutter he unseamed him from the nave to th chops, And fixed his head upon our battlements (act I, scene, ii, lines 17- 23). In his speech, the Captain describes Macbeths violence to indicate what a good warrior he is then showing that he has respect for Macbeth. Once Macbeth became king, he became overpowered with keeping his authority. Macbeth realized that he was being used just so that Banquos sons can inherit the spate They hailed him father to a line of kings. Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown, And put a barren sceptre in my gripe, Thence to be wrenched with an unlineal hand, No son of mine win (act III, scene 1, lines 60-64). Macbeth feeling this way convinces a pair of men to kill Banquo and his son Fleance. By having Banquo and Fleance murdered, Macbeth believes that it will prevent Banquos sons from fit king. Macbeth also hires the murderers to kill Macduffs family. This demonstrates Macbeths obsession because it indicate s that Macbeth values his power over his friends. His obsession with power causes Macbeth to feel guilty and lose his sanity. Macbeths guilt and loss of sanity is indicated in the errors he experiences. His first hallucination occurs just before killing King Duncan. Macbeth sees A dagger of the mind, a false creation (act II, scene I, line 38).The Problem of Power in Shakespeares Macbeth GCSE English Literature CourseworkThe Problem of Power in Macbeth Power poisons every man who covets it for himself (Chute 126). In the Shakespeares play, Macbeth, the character, Macbeth, kills the respected King Duncan in his quest for power. However, during his rule, Macbeth demonstrates that he is incapable of mastering the power and responsibilities of being a king. His drive for power and maintaining his power is the source of his downfall. Macbeth is not meant to have authority beyond Thane of Cawdor. When Macbeth is king, he does not use his authority judiciously. Macbeths eventual de mise is by virtue of his obsession for power and retaining his power. Before he desired the power of being king, Macbeth was a respected noble. He was labeled, brave Macbeth (Act I, scene, ii, line 16) for his actions in battle. During a conversation between Duncan and the Captain, the Captain describes how Macbeth brutally slew the rebel Macdonwald Disdaining fortune, with his brandished steel, Which smoked with bloody execution, ... Till he unseamed him from the nave to th chops, And fixed his head upon our battlements (act I, scene, ii, lines 17- 23). In his speech, the Captain describes Macbeths violence to indicate what a good warrior he is thus showing that he has respect for Macbeth. Once Macbeth became king, he became overpowered with keeping his authority. Macbeth realized that he was being used just so that Banquos sons can inherit the throne They hailed him father to a line of kings. Upon my head they placed a fruitless crown, And put a barren sceptre in my gripe, Th ence to be wrenched with an unlineal hand, No son of mine succeeding (act III, scene 1, lines 60-64). Macbeth feeling this way convinces a pair of men to kill Banquo and his son Fleance. By having Banquo and Fleance murdered, Macbeth believes that it will prevent Banquos sons from becoming king. Macbeth also hires the murderers to kill Macduffs family. This demonstrates Macbeths obsession because it indicates that Macbeth values his power over his friends. His obsession with power causes Macbeth to feel guilty and lose his sanity. Macbeths guilt and loss of sanity is indicated in the hallucinations he experiences. His first hallucination occurs just before killing King Duncan. Macbeth sees A dagger of the mind, a false creation (act II, scene I, line 38).

Angola Essays -- essays research papers

In past centuries, Angola was among the areas most-devastated by the slave trade. In upstart decades, it has been afflicted with wars. However, in both eras, much of the violence was driven by powerful external forces. This is because Angola, with an abundance of oil and other resources, could develop into a truly prosperous country if lead and controlled by the right power. In 1975 Angola was released from colonialism by Portugal. This pivotal event in history sparked the posening of a massive scrap between many of the key players in world power. These key players included the United States, Cuba, China, and the Soviet Union. After reading three separate names of the crisis in Angola (U.S. Senate hearings led by Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, a personal memoir by 1975 Assistant Secretary of State Nathaniel Davis, and a biography entitled In Search of Enemies A CIA Story by John Stockwell), I have come to several conclusions. Although these three men all held important po sitions in the U.S. government, quaternary contradictions exist in their chronologies of events. Of the discrepancies I found, all of them put Stockwell in opposition with Kissinger and Davis. I believe this is due to his position in the Central Intelligence Agency, where the greater availability of information was his advantage. Moreover, since all three accounts agree that the U.S. sake was essentially a covert operation led by the CIA, I feel the account written by Stockwell was the most valid of the three.When looking at the differences in chronologies, it is necessary to start from the beginning of the conflict. The first difference I found dealt with CIA involvement in Angola. Stockwell, an experienced, senior CIA case officer (Stockwell, 31), marked early July 1974 as the start of CIA support.In July 1974 the CIA began funding Roberto without 40 committeeapproval, small amounts at first, unless enough for word to get aroundthat the CIA was dealing itself into the race...Du ring the fall of 1974the CIA continued to fund Roberto, still without 40 committee approval... (Stockwell, 67).However, Davis describes that covert support did not begin until ... ...ola.In terms of Henry Kissinger, I believe that his knowledge of covert activity was underestimated. However, his immense focus on the Soviet Union throughout his replete(p) account precluded such information.With any event of such historical significance you are going to have many different opinions about the order of its events, oddly when the event concerns a number of world powers. In this case, all three accounts supplied factual information. However, the explanations of Davis and Kissinger did not account for classified information. Stockwell was at an advantageous position to debate the Angola crisis unencumbered. He was a member of the CIA and knew the interworkings of its plan, and for this reason I see his account as the most substantial.

Alternative Fuels to Oil Essay -- energy oil power ethanol biodiesel h

Recently alternate fuels squander been gaining popularity, especially here in the United States. The advantages of many of these fuels are being recognised with the rising cost of crude oil. different countries around the world have been using alternative fuels for years, such as in Brazil where they have goodness feedstock for some fuels such as ethanol. Biofuels are also becoming cost effective with higher crude oil prices and can be completely renewable. The trounce thing about many of these alternative fuels is they can be readily utilize in standard internal combustion engines with little or no modification.The list of alternative fuels can go on forever, but some of the most green and readily adaptable fuels are ethanol, biodiesel and hydrogen. Of course these fuels all have their drawbacks, but so do petroleum based fuels, we have just engineered around some of the disadvantages. The same thing can be done with these alternative fuels engineer around the disadvantages. M ost of these fuels do not release new cytosine into the atmosphere which is a good thing, we dont need any extra carbon in the carbon cycle.The following pages explain what some of these more common fuels are as well as some advantages and disadvantages of each. Ethanol is a common fuel that can be produced from many different crops, for example corn is a common feedstock for ethanol production here in the United States. Other countries around the world produce large amounts of ethanol to power many of their vehicles. For example Brazil has a perfect climate to grow sugarcane, which is a nifty feedstock for ethanol. As a result many of their cars run on pure ethanol. Here in the United States you have probably heard of Flexible supply Vehicles (FFVs) which are ... ...ever with the catamenia technologies the most economical way to produce hydrogen is by using fossil fuels. To produce hydrogen by electrolysis a current is applied to water to seperate the hydrogen molecules from t he oxygen. This process is actually pretty energy efficient, from about 50-75% efficient with theoretical efficiencies from 80-94% (Electrolysis-Wikipedia).What is the best way to transport hydrogen? Because it is a gas at standard temperature and pressure, large high pressure tanks are required to transport it. This can present some safety and widescale distribution issues. other way to utilize hydrogen gas on vehicles is with fuel cells. These cells will convert hydrogen gas into electrical energy that can be used to drive the car. With our current fuel cell technology they have a relatively short lifetime and are expensive (Fuel Cell-Wikipedia).

Upcoming Initiatives within the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit A

Legal Advice Upcoming Initiatives within the Washington Metropolitan Area voyage Authority (WMATA)1. Describe the company and the major initiative(s) they have planned for the next atomic number 23 years In 1967, within the Washington DC metropolitan area, sex act authorized a government agency, created through an interstate compact, known as WMATA, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. Since its start in 1976, WMATA has grown into five rail lines with over 106 miles of railss, 1,500 buses, and 86 different stations, which provides services to a population of 3.4 million within a 1,500 square mile jurisdiction. (WMATA, 2012) Commonly known by many of the District of Columbia area residents as Metro, we rely on WMATA to provide alternative modes of transportation throughout much of the District, suburban Maryland, and northern Virginia areas, which admit Metrorail, Metrobus, and Metro entrance money services. In a 2008 WMATA News Release, Metro planners pre dicted there would be a 42 percent increase in consumer use within the next 25 years. (WMATA, 2008) In order for supply to undertake demand, Metro officials have constructed an extensive six year Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) that began in 2010 and will overhaul in mid-2016. Several constituents the CIP will cover includes implementing past National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) safety recommendations, purchasing new system software and track maintenance equipment, new and/or rehabilitated rail cars and lines, and replacing several bus facilities. (Kissal, 2011) 2. Determine which elements of administrative law will be most relevant to the future initiatives and what the impact of those laws will be. In the wake of the 2009 tragic accident and... ...have to worry so much about product reliability.ReferencesAccess Board, The United States. (n.d.). The United States Access Board. Retrieved February 25, 2012, from Access-Board.Gov http//www.access-board.gov/about/law s/ada.htmBagley, C. E. (2009). Managers and the Legal Environment. Mason Cengage Learning.Kissal, C. D. (2011). Comprehensive Annual Financial Report for the Fiscal Year Ended June 30, 2011. Washington DC WMATA.WMATA. (2008, April 18). Metro details improvements to meet future capacity needs. Retrieved February 24, 2012, from WMATA 2. http//www.wmata.com/about_metro/news/PressReleaseDetail.cfm?ReleaseID=2064WMATA. (2010). August 13 2010 Response to FTA. Washington DC Dougherty, James.WMATA. (2012). Metro - Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority. Retrieved February 24, 2012, from WMATA http//www.wmata.com/about_metro/

The Caretaker by Pinter Essay -- essays research papers

The Caretaker by Pinter A Play Can Be Confrontational, Challenging andDisturbing to the Values and Assumptions of An Audience. Discuss With closeReferenceThe Caretaker, written by the British playwright Harold Pinter in the late1950s and early 1960s disrupts the auditions perceptions of existence andtheir understandings of it. The play deconstructs perceived notions andconceptions of reality, and disturbs the audiences perception of their ownidentity and place within a world which is mainly concerned with the searchand need for identity. Pinter was clearly influenced by the fashionablephilosophic review of human condition that was prominent in the 1950s and1960s existentialism. The play attacks the notion that at that place are no absolutetruths or realities. Pinter is therefore concerned with what exists as unknownand intangible to humanity. His theatre interrogates the truth of nature andrealities of language and demonstrates that much of what the audience regards asfact is f iction as he explores the uncertainty of human existence.When an audience of the 1960s went to the theatre, it can generally be assumedthat they had preconceived ideas about what they evaluate and what they aregoing to gain from the theatrical experience. The traditional attitudes towardstheatre and the conventions of realist drama are disrupted by Pinter. Thisconfronts the assumptions and values of the audience, an experience which wouldbe disconcerting and terrorization to many.Pinter divorces and exposes societys codes, institutions and human relations.Throughout the play the audience is rarely comfortable. This disruption isestablished from the outset of the play when Mick, a character who at this stageof the play the audience knows nothing about, sits on the bed and stares at theaudience in silence for 30 seconds. Traditionally in realist drama such asHenrik Ibsens Hedda Gabler characters use mere(a) exposition through languageand non-verbal elements to let the audience in an d enlighten them on what ishappening on the stage and the results and reasons for and behind actions.Pinter disrupts this tradition and this in itself would have been a disturbingphenomena to the button-down audiences of post-war Britain. Micks arrival onstage generates unease within the audience and the tension would only increaseas Pinter provides the audience with... ...entity and thestructure of society. This deferment of action is primarily indicated by Daviesand Aston. The prime example of this is in Davies constant references to hisplanned trip to Sidcup and in Astons references to the shed that he is planningto build. Through the original of these possible future activities, itappears that it gives purpose to their current actions and to some extent areason for living. It allows these characters to suggest that they are in factworthwhile human beings with a purpose and a life. Pinter suggests throughthis deferral of actions that peoples lives hold no worthwhile meaning a ndultimately there is nothing gained at the point of death.The Caretaker is a inflammatory play that demythologises many of an audiencesassumptions and values. Pinter makes the audience experience paranoia andfeelings of menace and by disrupting conventions of social behaviour andignoring traditional dramatic realist protocol, Pinter confronts andchallenges the values and assumptions of an audience. He successfullydeconstructs notions of power and security, and problematises the conservativebelief that there are in fact absolute truths and realities.

The Caretaker by Pinter Essay -- essays research papers

The Caretaker by Pinter A Play Can Be Confrontational, Challenging andDisturbing to the Values and Assumptions of An Audience. Discuss With closeReferenceThe Caretaker, written by the British playwright Harold Pinter in the late1950s and early 1960s disrupts the listenings perceptions of existence andtheir understandings of it. The play deconstructs perceived notions andconceptions of reality, and disturbs the hearings perception of their ownidentity and place within a world which is earlier concerned with the searchand need for identity. Pinter was clearly influenced by the fashionablephilosophic review of human condition that was prominent in the 1950s and1960s existentialism. The play attacks the notion that at that place are no absolutetruths or realities. Pinter is therefore concerned with what exists as unknownand intangible to humanity. His theatre interrogates the truth of nature andrealities of language and demonstrates that much of what the audience regards asfact is fiction as he explores the uncertainty of human existence.When an audience of the 1960s went to the theatre, it can generally be assumedthat they had preconceived ideas about what they expect and what they aregoing to gain from the theatrical experience. The traditional attitudes towardstheatre and the conventions of realist drama are disrupted by Pinter. Thisconfronts the assumptions and values of the audience, an experience which wouldbe disconcerting and affright to many.Pinter divorces and exposes societys codes, institutions and human relations.Throughout the play the audience is rarely comfortable. This disruption isestablished from the outset of the play when Mick, a character who at this stageof the play the audience knows nothing about, sits on the bed and stares at theaudience in silence for 30 seconds. Traditionally in realist drama such asHenrik Ibsens Hedda Gabler characters use ingenuous exposition through languageand non-verbal elements to let the audience in and en lighten them on what ishappening on the stage and the results and reasons for and behind actions.Pinter disrupts this tradition and this in itself would have been a disturbingphenomena to the orthodox audiences of post-war Britain. Micks arrival onstage generates unease within the audience and the tension would only increaseas Pinter provides the audience with... ...entity and thestructure of society. This deferment of action is primarily indicated by Daviesand Aston. The prime example of this is in Davies constant references to hisplanned trip to Sidcup and in Astons references to the shed that he is planningto build. Through the prototype of these possible future activities, itappears that it gives purpose to their current actions and to some extent areason for living. It allows these characters to suggest that they are in factworthwhile human beings with a purpose and a life. Pinter suggests throughthis deferral of actions that peoples lives hold no worthwhile meaning andulti mately there is nothing gained at the point of death.The Caretaker is a revolutionary play that demythologises many of an audiencesassumptions and values. Pinter makes the audience experience paranoia andfeelings of menace and by disrupting conventions of social behaviour andignoring traditional dramatic realist protocol, Pinter confronts andchallenges the values and assumptions of an audience. He successfullydeconstructs notions of power and security, and problematises the conservativebelief that there are in fact absolute truths and realities.

Build-a-Bear

1. Give examples of c only for, requirements, and demand that Build-A-Bear guests demonstrate, differentiating each of these three fantasys. What be the implications of each on Build-A-Bears actions? take are defined as a basic stir up of the human conveyup. According to Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, the need for encounters belong to the third level or the genial inevitably for fare and belonging level. The primordial scar market of Build-A-Bear are electric razorren. A toy privy provide the friend or social belonging a child needs. Build-A-Bear provides for the natural need of a child of a toy.Wants is defined as the form taken by human needs as they are molded by culture and single personality. As a child grows, his or her need for toys develops into wants or desires. A child needs a toy hardly may want a doll, a toy car, or a stuffed animal. This certain want may be influenced by the environment or the large number in their surroundings. Build-A-Bear offers stu ffed animals that are unremarkably desired by younger children, most especially girls. Further much, Build-A-Bear have created a want for toys that are personalized. Demand is defined as a want support up by buy power of the guests.In the gaucherie of Build-A-Bear, the buying power or money is provided by the parents of the children. And since they testament be paying for the cheer of the wants of their children, customers or parents would want to get the toys, particularly the stuffed animals, with the top hat benefits. Build-A-Bear increases their toys benefits by promising that they would provide more than just a toy but the joyful deliver of creating the toy. By offering more than just a toy, they have created a remarkable border over other toys that would make their products more appealing to buying customers. 2.Detail all facets of Build-A-Bears product. What is being exchanged in a Build-A-Bear transaction? A Build-A-Bear Workshops primary products are personalized stuffed animals. barely they promise to offer more than just a toy since these stuffed animals are created by the customers done different stations positioned in the store. To make the actual stuffed animal, the customers are provided the raw materials and they must then go through the child-friendly stations (Choose Me, Stuff Me, Hear Me, hoist Me, Fluff Me, Dress Me, and style Me) in the Build-A-Bear Workshop and do the necessary processes in the stations.Thus, what is actually exchanged is the toy plus the playful love of creating the toy. From the stead of a child or even adults, this will be a very peculiar consider since most of toys currently available in the market are all factory-produced. This unique fuck shall become a creative memory and is also an added feature of the said exchange. 3. Which of the five marketing caution concepts best describes Build-A-Bear Workshop? The marketing management concept that is best gifted for the Build-A-Bear Workshop is the Ma rketing Concept.The marketing concept is defined as the concept that conducts various lookes introductory regarding the needs, wants and demands of the customers to begin with producing the actual product. The marketing concept also introduces the concept of customer-driving market or offering a new product that the customer may want based on their research and market studies. In the case of Build-A-Bear, the phoner is a pioneer in their kind of business. Maxine Clark, the owner, has determined that customers need products that are customized or personalized and will crumble them a sense of creativeness and uniqueness.They have created a toy that is more than just a toy. They have integrated a product and service and they are continuously improving their go to offer more to loyal customers. 4. Discuss the value that Build-A-Bear creates for its customers. Customer value is defined as the difference between the value the customer gains from owning and using a product and the c osts of obtaining the product. Build-A-Bear not only offers a toy but rather the experience of participating in the instauration of personalized entertainment.This experience satisfies the growing demand for products that are inclined towards customization. This is what separates Build-A-Bear Workshop from a regular toy store. This gives them the mete and competitive advantage from all other stuffed animals in the market. 5. Is Build-A-Bear liable(predicate) to be successful in continuing to build customer relationships? Why or why not? Yes, because as what has been exposit in the text, the owner of the company is very much customer oriented. As demonstrated by the marketing concept, they look source at what is outside before going in.In her destruction of going to 2 to 3 stores per month, the owner can get a personal first-hand experience of getting to know what the customer wants. She keeps their products updated by continuously postulation the customers what they want. If the customers knew that the owner is very much concerned with what they want, this can develop their loyalty to the company. Furthermore, products that continuously cause to customers desires can also develop customer loyalty and leads to customers buying more from the company. Moreover, they can also share their experience with the company and pass on potential customers to try their products as well.Build-a-Bear1. Give examples of needs, wants, and demand that Build-A-Bear customers demonstrate, differentiating each of these three concepts. What are the implications of each on Build-A-Bears actions? Needs are defined as a basic part of the human makeup. According to Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, the need for toys belong to the third level or the social needs for love and belonging level. The primary target market of Build-A-Bear are children. A toy can provide the friend or social belonging a child needs. Build-A-Bear provides for the natural need of a child of a toy.Wants is defi ned as the form taken by human needs as they are shaped by culture and individual personality. As a child grows, his or her need for toys develops into wants or desires. A child needs a toy but may want a doll, a toy car, or a stuffed animal. This certain want may be influenced by the environment or the people in their surroundings. Build-A-Bear offers stuffed animals that are usually desired by younger children, most especially girls. Furthermore, Build-A-Bear have created a want for toys that are personalized. Demand is defined as a want backed up by buying power of the customers.In the case of Build-A-Bear, the buying power or money is provided by the parents of the children. And since they will be paying for the satisfaction of the wants of their children, customers or parents would want to get the toys, particularly the stuffed animals, with the best benefits. Build-A-Bear increases their toys benefits by promising that they would provide more than just a toy but the joyful exp erience of creating the toy. By offering more than just a toy, they have created a remarkable edge over other toys that would make their products more appealing to buying customers. 2.Detail all facets of Build-A-Bears product. What is being exchanged in a Build-A-Bear transaction? A Build-A-Bear Workshops primary products are personalized stuffed animals. But they promise to offer more than just a toy since these stuffed animals are created by the customers through different stations positioned in the store. To make the actual stuffed animal, the customers are provided the raw materials and they must then go through the child-friendly stations (Choose Me, Stuff Me, Hear Me, Stitch Me, Fluff Me, Dress Me, and Name Me) in the Build-A-Bear Workshop and do the necessary processes in the stations.Thus, what is actually exchanged is the toy plus the playful experience of creating the toy. From the perspective of a child or even adults, this will be a very unique experience since most of toys currently available in the market are all factory-produced. This unique experience shall become a creative memory and is also an added feature of the said exchange. 3. Which of the five marketing management concepts best describes Build-A-Bear Workshop? The marketing management concept that is best apt for the Build-A-Bear Workshop is the Marketing Concept.The marketing concept is defined as the concept that conducts various researches first regarding the needs, wants and demands of the customers before producing the actual product. The marketing concept also introduces the concept of customer-driving market or offering a new product that the customer may want based on their research and market studies. In the case of Build-A-Bear, the company is a pioneer in their kind of business. Maxine Clark, the owner, has determined that customers need products that are customized or personalized and will give them a sense of creativity and uniqueness.They have created a toy that is more than just a toy. They have integrated a product and service and they are continuously improving their services to offer more to loyal customers. 4. Discuss the value that Build-A-Bear creates for its customers. Customer value is defined as the difference between the values the customer gains from owning and using a product and the costs of obtaining the product. Build-A-Bear not only offers a toy but rather the experience of participating in the creation of personalized entertainment.This experience satisfies the growing demand for products that are inclined towards customization. This is what separates Build-A-Bear Workshop from a regular toy store. This gives them the edge and competitive advantage from all other stuffed animals in the market. 5. Is Build-A-Bear likely to be successful in continuing to build customer relationships? Why or why not? Yes, because as what has been described in the text, the owner of the company is very much customer oriented. As demonstrated by the ma rketing concept, they look first at what is outside before going in.In her goal of going to 2 to 3 stores per month, the owner can get a personal first-hand experience of getting to know what the customer wants. She keeps their products updated by continuously asking the customers what they want. If the customers knew that the owner is very much concerned with what they want, this can develop their loyalty to the company. Furthermore, products that continuously answer to customers desires can also develop customer loyalty and leads to customers buying more from the company. Moreover, they can also share their experience with the company and encourage potential customers to try their products as well.Build-a-Bear1. Give examples of needs, wants, and demand that Build-A-Bear customers demonstrate, differentiating each of these three concepts. What are the implications of each on Build-A-Bears actions? Needs are defined as a basic part of the human makeup. According to Maslows Hierarch y of Needs, the need for toys belong to the third level or the social needs for love and belonging level. The primary target market of Build-A-Bear are children. A toy can provide the friend or social belonging a child needs. Build-A-Bear provides for the natural need of a child of a toy.Wants is defined as the form taken by human needs as they are shaped by culture and individual personality. As a child grows, his or her need for toys develops into wants or desires. A child needs a toy but may want a doll, a toy car, or a stuffed animal. This certain want may be influenced by the environment or the people in their surroundings. Build-A-Bear offers stuffed animals that are usually desired by younger children, most especially girls. Furthermore, Build-A-Bear have created a want for toys that are personalized. Demand is defined as a want backed up by buying power of the customers.In the case of Build-A-Bear, the buying power or money is provided by the parents of the children. And sin ce they will be paying for the satisfaction of the wants of their children, customers or parents would want to get the toys, particularly the stuffed animals, with the best benefits. Build-A-Bear increases their toys benefits by promising that they would provide more than just a toy but the joyful experience of creating the toy. By offering more than just a toy, they have created a remarkable edge over other toys that would make their products more appealing to buying customers. 2.Detail all facets of Build-A-Bears product. What is being exchanged in a Build-A-Bear transaction? A Build-A-Bear Workshops primary products are personalized stuffed animals. But they promise to offer more than just a toy since these stuffed animals are created by the customers through different stations positioned in the store. To make the actual stuffed animal, the customers are provided the raw materials and they must then go through the child-friendly stations (Choose Me, Stuff Me, Hear Me, Stitch Me, Fluff Me, Dress Me, and Name Me) in the Build-A-Bear Workshop and do the necessary processes in the stations.Thus, what is actually exchanged is the toy plus the playful experience of creating the toy. From the perspective of a child or even adults, this will be a very unique experience since most of toys currently available in the market are all factory-produced. This unique experience shall become a creative memory and is also an added feature of the said exchange. 3. Which of the five marketing management concepts best describes Build-A-Bear Workshop? The marketing management concept that is best apt for the Build-A-Bear Workshop is the Marketing Concept.The marketing concept is defined as the concept that conducts various researches first regarding the needs, wants and demands of the customers before producing the actual product. The marketing concept also introduces the concept of customer-driving market or offering a new product that the customer may want based on their resear ch and market studies. In the case of Build-A-Bear, the company is a pioneer in their kind of business. Maxine Clark, the owner, has determined that customers need products that are customized or personalized and will give them a sense of creativity and uniqueness.They have created a toy that is more than just a toy. They have integrated a product and service and they are continuously improving their services to offer more to loyal customers. 4. Discuss the value that Build-A-Bear creates for its customers. Customer value is defined as the difference between the values the customer gains from owning and using a product and the costs of obtaining the product. Build-A-Bear not only offers a toy but rather the experience of participating in the creation of personalized entertainment.This experience satisfies the growing demand for products that are inclined towards customization. This is what separates Build-A-Bear Workshop from a regular toy store. This gives them the edge and competi tive advantage from all other stuffed animals in the market. 5. Is Build-A-Bear likely to be successful in continuing to build customer relationships? Why or why not? Yes, because as what has been described in the text, the owner of the company is very much customer oriented. As demonstrated by the marketing concept, they look first at what is outside before going in.In her goal of going to 2 to 3 stores per month, the owner can get a personal first-hand experience of getting to know what the customer wants. She keeps their products updated by continuously asking the customers what they want. If the customers knew that the owner is very much concerned with what they want, this can develop their loyalty to the company. Furthermore, products that continuously answer to customers desires can also develop customer loyalty and leads to customers buying more from the company. Moreover, they can also share their experience with the company and encourage potential customers to try their pro ducts as well.

Position Supporting Stem Cell Research Essay

Cells that great deal make a distinction into a variety of jail mobile phoneular telephone types be called angry walk prison electric cells and comprise embryonic stem (ES) cells and adult stem cells. Since ES cells can turn into a new organism or can differentiate into any interweave type, they are said to be totipotent. Adult stem cells, conversely, as they cannot turn into any type of wander, are said to be pluripotent. For instance, bone marrow stem cells can turn into red blood cells, T-lymphocytes, or B-lymphocytes, however not muscle or bone cells. Nerve stem cells can as well turn into different types of nerve tissue. Stem cell enquiry attempts to engineer tissues from the bodys stem cells to replace defective, damaged, or aging tissues. In 1998, scientists were capable to grow man ES cells indefinitely. Since then, researchers nurse performed stem cell experiments on mammals and have had close to achievement in repairing spinal chord injuries in mice.Since scien tists cannot spend federal funds to carry out research on embryos, private corporations, most particularly the Geron Corporation, have funded ES cell research. Geron, awaiting possible ethical concerns, appointed its own ethics advisory board. The Clinton administration sought to loosen the interpretation of the ban on embryo research to leave the government to sponsor research on the use of ES cells once they were available. President G. W. Bush had made the decision to permit use merely of rough sixty existing cell lines, and not the production of embryonic cell lines particularly made for the purpose of use for stem cells1.The majority of the stem cell procedures proposed to date would employ the ES cells from embryos formed by couples in fertility clinics. In the United States, thousands of embryos are discarded each year as IVF couples cannot use all of their embryos. A couple may make three-hundred embryos in an attempt give birth to one child. One more approach to stem c ell research suggests that researchers make embryos for scientific and medical checkup purposes. This approach, recognized as therapeutic cloning, or somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), engrosses transferring the nucleus from a cell in a persons body into an enucleated egg2.The ES cells from this new embryo would match the tissue in the persons body, in that respectfore avoiding the effectiveness tissue rejection problems that might occur in stem cell therapy. The potential of stem cell research is huge, for the reason that so many diseases result from tissue damage. Stem cell research could bring about advances in treating paralysis, diabetes, heart disease, pancreatitis, Parkinsons disease, liver disease, arthritis, as well as many further conditions. 3frankincense human pluripotent stem cell research is very important as firstly it propose help in rendering the actions that take place during prevalent human development. The understanding of human cell development could mak e possible further understandings regarding how abnormalities such as cancer occur. Secondly this research helps us to capture out why some cells turn into heart cells whereas other cells turn into blood cells. Although it has been previously recognized that a gene turning on and arrive at is central to cell development, however it is not recognized what makes these gene turn on and offstem cell research will most plausibly give a possible explanation. In a realistic find this could make possible further understandings of cell development abnormalities.Thirdly pure samples of particularised cell types could be used for testing different chemical compounds so as to develop medicines to treat disease4. This would make more efficient the process of medical testing in order that merely medicines that have a helpful effect on cell lines would be tested on animals and humans. And most importantly this research could be very helpful for cell transplantation therapies. Theoretically, s tem cells could be grown into replacements for diseased or destroyed cells5. This would permit medical science to stand to the bottom of diseases of organ failure for instance diabetes as well as neurological disorders for instance Parkinsons disease.The main protest to this promising research has to do with the source of ES cells. ES cells can be acquired from aborted embryos, embryos remaining after infertility treatments (IVF), embryos created only for research by IVF techniques, and from SCNT techniques (that is therapeutic cloning)6. To get ES cells, consequently, one have to either create embryos that will be used, manipulated, or destroyed, or one have to get embryos leftover from infertility treatments. besides here is where the abortion debate resurfaces, as these techniques would engross treating embryos as mere things or objects and would not give embryos the esteem they deserve, as said by some critics.That is to say that a proper, fair and realistic account of what co mes out of the freezer is a 5-day-old ball of about 150 cells, and of that the researchers will want to use about 30. What comes out of the freezer is unquestionably human tissue however it is not human. That ball of cells has no hope at all of becoming a human creation without further intervention. One mustiness not confuse the existence of a run into of becoming a human being with actually being human. The tissue can be likened to organs taken from a lately deceased person for transplant. Neither the organ nor the tissue is dead it is human tissue but it is not human. One may say the same of sperm, for instance, every sperm must be protected that is available for the reason that it might, under circumstances where other things have to devolve, become a human.That is practically the same thought. What has to happen there is that the sperm has to meet with an egg to fertilize that egg, which then has to be looked after. What has to happen with a 5-day-old ball of cells in which the egg and sperm have previously met is that it after that has to be implanted in a woman and stay there for nine months. In both cases nothing is going to happen unless other things are brought into play. It is a very strong view that it is not being talked about a human, rather about human tissue that will with the intervention of others, and only with the intervention of others, has the chance of becoming human.A parents reasoned must be supported to demand that any of these untouched fertilized eggs be left untouched for afterward use or not be used for research. Very few, if any, parents who have had the advantage of the IVF program would refuse the chance for spare fertilized eggs to be used. They themselves turned to the wonders of science to give them what apparently nature was otherwise going to deny them, those who through the wonders of science have had what must have been their greatest dream realized would definitely not deny the chance for science to make better t hings for others. After all, how many fertilized eggs at varying stages of development were used in the IVF programs to get to the point where one could have a successful IVF program? 7Some supporters of this bill do not deny where one is now with the science. He just wants science to have the chance to take him to further and better places. One cannot say that there is no practical application of this now, so not do the research. That is the equal of saying to a child that you are not permitted to swim in the pool until you have learned to swim. How can one possibly refuse to do research on the basis that he does not have the researchers outcomes? One can not get those outcomes until he proceeds with the research. So, again, one must be very very much on the side of proceeding with stem cell research.Some of the objections which have their foundation in a religious view held by their proponents. Living by a decent set of values is far more vital than defending the doctrine of on e church over another. If you lead a good life and if there is a kingdom of heaven you will be welcome into his or heaven. Your religion is your business and no-one elses. When you make your religion an issue, you drag it into the semipolitical domain and you tarnish it. It follows that we attach very little importance or interest to arguments over religious dogma. Similarly, we do not turn to the state to happen for one religious view over another. Without doubt, we can clearly see the risks of adopting a view that your religion is the right one and the rest of the world must be converted.This point is quite simple each to his own religion. If you say to one that doing something is against Gods will, then he will respond by assuring you that, if God is annoyed, God will punish whoever has done that thing. The state should never be used as Gods enforcer. Over the years, as we have been approaching 50, we can assure you that we have every confidence in Gods capability to settle acc ounts. It has not been our experience that he or she usually waits until you are dead. Numerous people who have done the wrong thing have met their maker in a practical sense while they were still alive8.In brief, we are talking about fertilized eggs that are in the freezer. They have not the slightest chance of becoming human unless they are accepted by the mother to be carried for 9 months. We are talking about fertilized eggs where that is not the case. The outcome is that they are either going in the bin or going to be used for the betterment of mankind. My other proposition is that we cannot now say whether the science is good or bad. We do not know where the science is going to take us.Science of itself is not fundamentally good or bad it is what we do with it that will make that case. We have to understand that the benefits of this research may take years to come. That merely makes us say start more quickly. We simply ask those who, due to their religious beliefs, have a very authentic concern regarding this bill to accept that they are entitled to follow their religious beliefs they are not entitled to demand by commandment that everybody else does the same.ReferencesAdil E. Shamoo, David B. Resnik. Responsible Conduct of Research Oxford University Press, 2003Daniel Callahan. What Price Better Health? Hazards of the Research Imperative University of California Press, 2003John Harris. On Cloning Routledge, 2004Sandra Braman. Biotechnology and Communication The Meta-Technologies of cultivation Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004Thomas Kemp. The Stem Cell Debate A Veblenian Perspective Journal of Economic Issues, Vol. 38, 2004.1 Daniel Callahanpg 552 John Harris, pg 903 Daniel Callahan, pg 67-694 Thomas Kemp, pg 65 ibid6 John Harris, pg 78-797 Sandra Braman, pg cv8 Adil E. Shamoo, David B. Resnik, pg 210

Microeconomic Factors in Automobile Industry in India

Automobile application Hailed as the intentness of industries by Peter Drucker, the grounding father of the take up of management, in 1946, the machine patience had evolved continuously with changing sequences from craft return in 1890s to mass merchandiseion in 1910s to lean production techniques in the 1970s. The Asian countries, mainly by Japan, China and India, registered a 9% summation in production over last year, constituting 35. 9% of the global production. In fact China and India posted positive growth rate over 2003.This total mainly catered to meet the demand from households where the automobiles constituted the second largest expenditure head next unless to housing. Thus the global automobile industry dominated by Europe, US, Japan, and of late by China and India, continued to have a substantial influence on economic development, international trade, foreign direct investment and environment-friendly practices. Total Sales Trend of Four-wheelers in India Dema nd Factors 1. Financing Options Auto industry observers cite cable automobile loans as the biggest operate factor for the expansion of the Compact Car segment.At present, almost 85 per cent of all reinvigorated car gross sales argonbacked by auto finance, comp ard to 65 per cent five years ago. Interest rates on car loans have come downcast drastically in the past four or five years, which helps prospective buyers, take the plunge. The growth of the CC-segment in thepast some years asshole be mainly credited to factors such as rise in income levels leading to increased affordability and simultaneous reduction in interest rates leading to write downEMIs. The drop in interest rates usually helps very few people to probably shift from the base model to a deluxe model.A larger shift happens if people ar leave behinding to take long-term loans, like five years instead of the earlier three-year loans. 2. 2. Advertising And Marketing Due to the advertizing techniques adopted by all the manufacturers in the CC-Segment the sales have risen drastically. It is all due to because the companies now days ar using regular war-ridden selling techniques for which they are horizontal coping with the Film celebrities and Cricket stars, like Maruti has contracted Irfan Pathan as thebrand ambassador of Zen and for Santro Hyundai has contracted for Shah Rukh Khan.And the companies are even trying to approach to the node as to their demand fora vehicle at special interest loans, etcetera They are using data correspond to the customers return and earning capacity for attracting the customers for their vehicles. 3. Price of the Car One of the study factors that affect the demand of whatever commodity in the marketplace is theprice of the commodity. As the uprightness of demand also states that with an increase inprice the demand of the commodity decreases and vice versa.Since, in the compact car segment market even on that point are very less competitors there is stiff price competition. Like the price of Zen in 2001 was Rs. 3. 93 lacs which increased to Rs. 4. 01 lacs in 2005, but chill out the sale of the Maruti brand keeps on increasing it was due to the companys reputation with the customers. 4. Income of Consumer / Buyer The income of the consumer or buyer of the car is a very alpha factor of demand. In late time we have seen that due to increase in the Income of the general public, there has been a shift from the Lower CC-segment cars to the Upper CC-segmentcars. 2Due to the recent increase in the number of multinationals in India, the income level of the employees have risen drastically and has made CC-segment cars an entry level car for a lot of people. The add up age of a CC-segment car owner has also dropped from 35 years to 31 years in India. 5. IncreaseinAffordability The demand for passenger cars is dictated mainly by greater affordability, which in turn increases the aspi symmetryn level of the customers. Today with b lue amount of disposable income in the hand of Indian youth, who forms major portion of the population, P-marker has larger addressable market. 6. Demographic DriversCars being aspirational products, purchase decisions are influenced by the overall economic environment. Increase in per capita income increases the consumption tendency of the customer. maturation in per capita income and rising aspirations and changing lifestyle is leading to increased preference for cars over two-wheelers, which is also having a positive rub off on car demand. 7. Availability of Easy Financing Options A majority of PV purchases are financed through financial institutions. Over the past4-5 years car industry has been benefited through significant increase in affordability due to the decrease in EMIs.Car finance rates dropped from 17% in 2000-01 to 11%in 2005-06. However it has increased and averaged at 13. 75% in 2006-07. The new hardening of interest rates is expected to affect demand by reducing affordability. 8. crude Offerings Car sales increase when a new model hits the market. Due to escalation in competition in Indian car market, frequency of new model launches has increased. In the past one year only the Indian car market has seen many launches namely SX4,Swift Diesel, Zen Estill, Spark, Logan, etc. 9. ExportsThe share of exports from domestic production is currently at 12-13%, which is much lower than current export hubs. Currently, Indias share of global passenger cars export volume stands at less than 1%. But India is fast emerging as a manufacturing hub for leading global car makers, and several(prenominal) manufacturers have already firmed upplans for setting up manufacturing bases in India, which willing also be used for exports. 3 Supply Factors 1. PresenceacrossSegments Manufacturers with presence across various product segments can ensure highervolume and breach capacity utilization by using the common manufacturing capacity.Typically a customer upgrades f rom one segment to higher segment and the presence across various segments ensures that the company retains its existing customers. 2. Efficient trading operations Competition in PV segment is very eager and this requires the existing players to initiate steps to reduce their cost of production. Effective and successful operation methods like platform commonality, reduction in vendor base and workforce rationalization can help a company immensely. 3. WideDealer Network and Availabilityof FinanceA all-embracing dealer network helps the company serve customers over wide geographical area. For e. g. Maruti has used its available wide service network as point of digression over competitors. The companies are tying up with the financial institutions having rural presence to provide additional financing options to customers in such areas. 4. Accessto Latest Technologies Indian PV segment is super competitive with as many as 14 players operating in it and more than 80 models on the o ffering. But still any new model launch meets with increase in sales volume for the company.Moreover in a time when a substantialportion of Indian customer is looking to upgrade in higher segment, companies with latest technologies and latest models will catch more attentions 5. Price of the Car Price of the car is one of the major factors that affect the supply as well as the demand of a car. If the price of the car is high in the market, the manufacturer or the supplierwill want to supply more units in the market so he can earn more profits. In the self-propelling industry where the market typewrite is oligopoly, if one company drops its price for the car, there is a huge tint on the sales of the other cars as well as the same car.In the market the price of one car is inter-related to the price of the othercars in the same segment. The best solution is that market equilibrium should be achieved so that the amount of the criterion demanded should be equal to the amount of the m easuring supplied to achieve maximum profits. A Market Equilibrium is achieved at the point of intersection of the demand line and the supply line. The point is the equilibrium point where the quantity demanded is equal to the quantity supplied. 6. Factors ofProduction There are some factors of production which influence the supply of a car likeCost of Raw Material Labor Cost Machinery Input Cost. These factors influence the supply of a car largely. If the cost of the raw material (Steel, Spare Parts, Rubber) increases there will be an increase in the cost ofproduction leading to decrease in profit margins. Costs like labor costs, machinery and input costs also influence the supply with the increase or decrease in these costs. 7. 7. governing body Policies and revenue enhancementes If there is a change in the government policies regarding the increase in the way tax charged or the tax which is to be paid per unit sold, the supply of a car will fluctuate with the nature of the cha nge.Recently the government has bring down the custom work on inputs and raw material from 20% to 15% which has increased the supply. Conclusion Market economies are assumed to have many buyers and sellers, high competition and many substitutes. Monopolies characterize industries in which the supplierdetermines prices and high barriers prevent any competitors from entering the market. Demand and supply refer to the relationship price has with the quantity consumers demand and the quantity supplied by producers. As price increases, quantity demanded decreases and quantity supplied increases.On the other hand, elasticity tells us how much quantity demanded or supplied changes when there is a change in any of the factor. The more the quantity changes, the more elastic the good or service. By studying various demand and supply factors touchthe automobile industry we can conclude that an upturn or downturn in this sector is due to an aggregate effect ofmultiple factors. These together govern the economies of automobile sector. Porters Five Forces Analysis of Indian Automobile Sector Industry Rivalry dicker Power of CustomersBargaining Power of Suppliers flagellum of New Entrants Threat of Substitutes Industry Rivalry Bargaining Power of Customers Bargaining Power of Suppliers Threat of New Entrants Threat of Substitutes 1. Industry Rivalry * Industry Concentration The Concentration balance (CR) indicates the percent of market share held by a company. A high concentration ratio indicates that a high concentration of market share is held by the largest firms the industry is concentrated. With only a few firms holding a large market share, the market is less competitive (closer to a monopoly).A low concentration ratio indicates that the industry is characterized by many rivals, none of which has a significant market share. These fragmented markets are said to be competitive. If rivalry among firms in an industry is low, the industry is considered to be disciplin ed * High Fixed costs When total costs are generally fixed costs, the firm must produce capacity to make water the lowest unit costs. Since the firm must sell this large quantity of product, high levels of production lead to a fight for market share and results in increased rivalry.The industry is typically capital intensive and thus involves high fixed costs * Slow market growth In growing market, firms can improve their economies. Though the market growth has been impressive in the last few years (about 8 to 15%), it takes a beat in even slight economic disturbances as it involves a luxury good. Aggressive pricing is needed to sustain growth in such situations * Diversity of rivals Industry becomes crank as the diversification increases. In this case the diversity of rivals is moderate as most offer products which are close to standard versions and the competitors are also mostly similar in strength Highly competitive industry The presence of many players of about the same size little differentiation between competitors, and a very mature industry with very little growth were the features of a highly competitive industry. Higher the competition in the industry lower would be the profit margin. To remain ahead in competition, auto-makers were tempted to offer value added services to the customers incurring more costs 2. Threat of New Entrants These are the characteristics that inhibit the conquer of new rivals into the market and in turn protect the profits of the existing firms.Based on the present profit levels in the market, one can expect the mesmerise of new firms into the market or not. The entrance is however also affect by the start-up costs * Economies of scale The Minimum Efficient Scale (MES) is the point at which unit costs are minimized. The greater the difference between the MES and the entry unit cost, greater is the barrier. Economies of scale are becoming increasingly important as competition is driving the profit margins to lower level s. Also being a capital intensive industry economies of scale have important consequence * Government policies Automobile Industry was delicensed in July 1991 with the announcement of the New Industrial Policy * The passenger car industry was delicensed in 1993. No industrial licence is postulate for setting up of any unit for manufacture of automobiles except in some special cases * The norms for Foreign Investment and import of technology have been more and more liberalized over the years for manufacture of vehicles including passenger cars in install to make this sector globally competitive * At present atomic number 6% Foreign film Investment (FDI) is permissible under automatic route in this sector including passenger car segment.The import of technology/technological upgradation on the royalty payment of 5% without any duration limit and lump sum payment of USD 2 million is allowed under automatic route in this sector * The automotive industry comprising of the automobil e and the auto component sectors has made rapid strides since delicensing and opening up of the sector to FDI in 1991 * The industry had an investment of about Rs. 50,000 crore in 2002-03 which has gone up to Rs. 80,000 crore by the year 2007.The automotive industry has already attained a turnover of Rs. 1,65,000 crore (34 billion USD) * The industry provides direct and indirect employment to 1. 31 crore people. The contribution of the automotive industry to GDP has risen from 2. 77% in 1992-93 to 5% in 2006-07. The industry is making a contribution of 17% to the hatful of indirect taxes of the Government With all the policies regarding the FDI and Tariff barriers as mentioned above, it has become easier for the foreign players to enter the Indian automobile industry. 3.Threat of Substitutes * The replacement market is characterized by the presence of several small-scale suppliers who score over the organized players in terms of excise avocation exemptions and lower overheads. * A products price elasticity is affected by the presence of substitutes as its demand is affected by the change in the substitutes prices * The cost of the automobiles along with their operating costs was driving customers to look for alternative transportation options * The new technologies available also affect the demand of the product E. g. In case of Marutis products, the threat of substitutes is high. The competition is intense as several players have products in the categories given by Maruti. However, in the 800cc range it is the market leader and the threat of substitute products is low. Price performance relation favors heavily towards Maruti in most product categories. Also the high availability and quality of services offered by Maruti gives the customer a better trade-off 4. Bargaining Power of Suppliers * Suppliers can influence the industry by deciding on the price at which the raw materials can be sold.This is done in order to capture profits from the market. * Steel is a major input in this industry and so steel prices have a sharp and immediate impact on the product price * The industry being capital intensive switching costs of suppliers is high, other than steel as raw material which is highly price sensitive and the firm may easily move towards a supplier with lower cost 5. Bargaining Power of Buyers * It specifies the impact of customers on the product * When buyer power is strong, the buyer is the one who sets the price in the market.Here there is purchases of large volumes * There is prevalence of alternative options * Price sensitive customers were some of the factors that dogged the extent of influence of the buyers in this industry E. g. In the case of Maruti, the sales volumes have shown increasing trend over past so many years. The customers are more or less concentrated in metros or other tier two cities. The industry is also concentrated in these regions mostly. Most of them are have good amount of knowledge about the product.E xcept the 800cc range in other categories brand loyalty is only moderate. Also it is difficult to measure since repurchases are rare. Product differentiation is high as there are many categories in the passenger vehicle segment. Buyers get incentives in the form of cost discounts and better after sales services * The major focus of Indian Component suppliers is Quality as suggested by one of the Japanese Quality focus firm. The Industry association ACMA reports that over 170 of its members have already received ISO-9000 certification and 23 have received QS9000 certification.There are examples of Indian suppliers becoming single inauguration global suppliers for leading OEMS (GM and Ford), and also becoming global leaders with Sundaram Clayton receiving the Deming award but there are few drawbacks as shown by A. T, Kearney survey which found that defect rates in India are in the range of 1000-2000 ppm against Japanese average of 100-200 ppm * The rising gasoline price is bound to i nfluence the buyers taxationation India has a well-developed tax structure. The power to levy taxes and duties is distributed among the three tiers of Government, in accordance with the provisions of the Indian Constitution.The main taxes/duties that the Union Government is empowered to levy are- Income Tax (except tax on agricultural income, which the State Governments can levy), Customs duties, Central happen upon and Sales Tax and Service Tax. The principal taxes levied by the State Governments are- Sales Tax (tax on intra-State sale of goods), Stamp trade ( trading on transfer of property), State Excise (duty on manufacture of alcohol), Land Revenue (levy on land used for agricultural/non-agricultural purposes), Duty on Entertainment and Tax on Professions & Callings.The Local Bodies are empowered to levy tax on properties (buildings, etc. ), Octroi (tax on entry of goods for use/consumption within areas of the Local Bodies), Tax on Markets and Tax/User Charges for utilities. Excise Duty Central Excise duty is an indirect tax levied on those automobiles which are manufactured in India and are meant for home consumption. The taxable event is manufacture and the liability of central excise duty arises as soon as the automobiles are manufactured.It is a tax on manufacturing, which is paid by a manufacturer, who passes its incidence on to the customers. Types of Excise Duties Basic Excise Duty This is the duty leviable under First Schedule to the Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985 at the rates mentioned in the said Schedule. Special Excise Duty This is the duty leviable under Second Schedule to the Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985 at the rates mentioned in the said Schedule. At present this is leviable on very few items.Basic Central VAT (CENVAT) or Excise Tax Structure for Automobiles Year CommercialVehicles MUVs Cars 2 Wheelers 3 Wheelers Unit ? 75 CC 75CC 2001-02 16 32 32 16 16 16 % 2002-03 16 32 32 16 16 16 % 2003-04 16 24+1* 24+1* 16+1* 16+1* 16 % 2 004-05 16 24+1* 24+1* 16+1* 16+1* 16 % 2005-06 16 24+1* 24+1* 16+1* 16+1* 16 % 2006-07 16 24+1* 24/16**+1* 16+1* 16+1* 16 % 2007-08? 16 24+1* 24/16**+1* 16+1* 16+1* 16 % Source Society of Indian Automotive Manufacturing (SIAM) Based on Government of India Notifications,?Additional higher & Secondary Education Cess of 1%,*National adventure Contingent Duty (NCCD) of 1 %,**16% on cars (up to 4000mm in length &1200cc for petrol & up to 4000mm in length & 1500cc for diesel) and 24% for rest National mishap Contingent Duty (NCCD) Normally known as NCCD. This duty is levied as per section 136 of the Finance Act, 2001, as a surcharge on specified goods. Excise Duties and Cesses Leviable under Miscellaneous ActOn certain specified goods, in addition to the aforesaid duties, prescribed rate of excise duty and cess is also leviable.EducationCesson excisable goods is levied in addition to any other duties of excise chargeable on such goods, under the Central Excise Act, 1944 or any other l aw for the time being in force. Customs Duty Customs Duty (Import duty and Export tax) is a type of indirect tax levied on goods imported into India as well as on goods exported from India. Taxable event is import into or export from India. In India, the basic law for levy and collection of customs duty is Customs Act 1962.It provides for levy and collection of duty on imports and exports, import/export procedures, prohibitions on importation and exportation of goods, penalties, offences, etc. Basic Customs Tax Structure for Automobiles Year CVs1 MUVs2 Cars Two Wheelers Three Wheelers Unit 2001-02 35 105/60/35 105/60/35 105/60/35 105/60/35 % 2002-03 30 105/60/35 105/60/35 105/60/35 105/60/35 % 2003-04 25 105/60/35 105/60/35 105/60/35 105/60/35 % 2004-05 20 105/60/35 105/60/35 105/60/35 105/60/35 % 2005-06 15 100/60/15 100/60/15 100/60/15 100/60/15 % 2006-07 12. 100/60/12. 5 100/60/12. 5 100/60/12. 5 100/60/12. 5 % 2007-08 10 100/60/10 100/60/10 100/60/10 100/60/10 % Source Society of Indian Automotive Manufacturing (SIAM) Based on Government of India Notifications, *For Used Vehicle/New CBU/CKD & Components respectively,1CVs = Commercial Vehicles2MUVs = Multi-Utility Vehicles Export duties are levied occasionally to mop up excess profitability in international prices of goods in respect of which domestic prices may be low at the given time. But the sweep of import duties is quite wide.

The Hurt Man

The Hurt Man is a short storey written by Wendell berry taking place in the late asses. The childhood memories of the man Mat Filter are described from a third person narrator whose omniscience is hold to Mat.The fact that the narrator is able to give away information regarding much later events such as she would begin to matter to him a great handle in a dozen of years, and after that she would matter to him all his keep of course referring to Margaret Mats coming wife gives the reader the opportunity to reflect on the trustworthy events with the future events in mind to each a greater understanding and later conclusion of the narrative. The Hurt Man takes on a very traditionalistic short story form. First the characters are described then the stage setting.After that the banalities and dangers of sort William are portrayed followed by a trigger to lead on the story in a dramatic order a hurt man arrives bleeding at the house of the five year old narrator and his m anothe r(prenominal). At first the title of the story seems easily analyzable and one might think that the story it called The Hurt Man only because of the hurt man it among other things go arounds around. hardly I live it could also be referring to changes in Mat and how his innocence is taken away when learning of pain through the mothers care of the man. The setting of the story plays a decisive role as well.As stated initially, Mat grew up in a rather tumultuous and harsh setting where disputes were for the most part settled out of court with violence a town in which the proof of mortality would be given in blood. Here a noteworthy word mortality occurs for the first time in the story and almost from the beginning. The usage of the word mortality later becomes an essential part of the story and Port William. It is also told that the three deceased siblings of Mat are resting at the towns graveyard and their headstones became an immortal proof of their tough and short life in Port Wi lliam.The mother was a strong and seemingly independent woman. She was treated with respect from the friends of the hurt man first when she stopped them to ask them who they were and secondly when she delegated the different caper in an attempt to save the hurt man. Even though she had previously lost 3 of her children at very young ages much wish well her express son she did not hesitate to let him experience the airdrops of life first handedly. After all such experiences are necessary when growing up particularly at that age.Of course she was concerned about his wellbeing to a certain motherly degree also did she love him. So she kept an eye on him but also let him grew up like any other child. Especially on Saturdays did she watch out for him since the town had a tendency to winding additionally disorderly that day. So in contrast Mats mother is very similar to the mother of Creeps in The Soldiers Home . Both of them want to cheer their child but they dont want their protec tion to be arced on them they would rather fuddle their children experience hardships and progress in life.The fact that it is two altogether different situations and ages their children are affected by is secondary. The important part is their motherly care and the experiences they let their children have for the better on the long run. Mat was affect when the mother almost without hesitation let the man inside their house. He was not afraid of man or the blood on his face and body. But if there was one thing he was not surprised about was that the mother took care of him and nursed is wounds. He knew she would do this for she did this to himself so why should his sympathize with mother refuse to help this stranger?He was simply surprised about the facial expression of care, love, empathy and uneasiness which he had only seen order at him. Then Mat realized what death really is by seeing his mothers genuine care and love for a complete stranger. He also understand that this s tranger would have been dead had it not been for his mother. When Mat then moved closer to his mother and uncovered her facial expression usually only directed at him that passionate, careful ND worried look he has an epiphany in which he sees the world through the eyes of an adult for the first time.This is a milestone is his life (and life in general) and of course at his age he can only be shocked. For all of his short life Mat ruling that the world was revolving around him and his mother only but after seeing how his mother reacted to this mans condition he realized that this man could have died and never returned like the many people buried at the graveyard. He then truly understood what dying means. This might also be the reason why she would begin to matter to him a great deal in a dozen of years, ND after that she would matter to him all his life .First she did not matter to him she could have been a boy for all he cared but he ended up marrying her maybe because he realiz ed that life does not Just revolve about him and his mother. Through the pain he learned of he also learned about love, care and compassion which he later would share with his wife and grandson and as long as Mat would be happy there would always be a loss He learned it all his life. That is the law of equivalent exchange in which we and our universe live by.

High School and Different Political Changes Essay

In chapter 9 of Assault on Paradise Kottak discusses the different political transforms that Arembepe went by means of as well as how it affected the vill shape uprs everyday life, and how it could possibly change the way Arembepeiros live in the future and effect their future generations. Throughout the chapter Kottak discusses many things, but he hits on about 4 main topics, Welfare and Education, common Health, Marriage and the State, and the sex Ratio and Female status. In the beginning of the Chapter Kottak describes that the Arembepian government lowered the age that people needed to be to be eligible for government pensions. They lowered the age from 65 to 60. This may seem like a small change but it actually can have a large effect on the governments ability to pay for it. When looked at in affinity to the United States social security, one could see that 5 years could add a large amount of people taking away from the pot essentially.This could attain serious problems in the United States, so this is surprising to see this type of change in such a small and not so slopped ethnic group. This is an example of Arembepe becoming a large, more contributing society, or it even becoming a state of its own. The second political change that Arembepe went through was a subject census. This was something that was very big for Arembepe this pretty much solidified it as a state. Kottak explained that the head of statistical services for the municipality told him about the plans for the national census. schedule to begin in September 1980. (Kottak 130) In the early 1960s Arembepe was just a small tribe it seemed like, they had come so far. They now had town centers, one-way and two-way streets, supermarkets, a commercial center, several pharmacies, doctors offices, labs, and even other medical services This was a completely different place than it had been just a few decades earlier. Another political change that occurred was that people now had to pay licens ing fees to the municipality for their stores, bars, and restaurants.This was in addition a big deal, it seemed that all of the things Kottak states in the chapter up to this point all change integrity the validity of Arembepe as a state, and even a nation. This new licensing was also a big contrast from the 1960s when only the owners of the two largest stores had to pay those fees. municipal officials inspected weights and measures, and there was regular mail delivery. The streets had formal call, street signs, and house numbers. (Kottak 131) All of these are examples of just how much Arembepe had grown and how legitimized it was becoming. Now the rest of Brazil was seeing it in a different light. They were pulling their own weight now, essentially. They were being a contributing member, or a contributing band, to a much larger state. Documents that were never required before were, and are not required. Full names were used in legal documents, and people were more familiar with the last names of fellow villagers. Most adults now had identity papers. (Kottak 131)They were becoming a much more organized and legitimate society. Kottak even explained in the chapter that once they started using these documents that you could in fact be penalized, and even jailed if they were stopped by police and did not have a valid ID. Another pattern that the Arembepe people were doing was connection the armed forces. It was almost like the thing to do, or at least it was becoming that. Kottak explained that after junior high school, many local boys now presented themselves to the army, pipeline force, or navy. (Kottak 131) He also explained that joining the military was almost something that was just done, almost an unsaid thing. Like getting married, or wearing socks. You just do it because your parents did it, and your friends do it. It is just part of their culture. It is almost like a diffusion of American culture.Or at least how American culture used to be. Kottak al so explains that when you do join the armed forces in Arembepe and you are released, or leave. You have a better chance of getting a job, sometimes even a better job than those who werent in the armed forces. The fourth, and possibly the most important political change Arembepe went through was the Basic Education Reform right of 1971. This law was extremely important to Arembepe because it mandated 8 years of education (in primary and junior high school). The new law also set a national core curriculum of general studies, including practical courses to determine vocational aptitudes in grades five through eight, Kottak explained on page 131. Kottak also describes that the main reason that they instituted this because they wanted to prepare these children, or young adults, for the workforce and employment.They had a new junior high school and two elementary schools, which had five competent teachers. By 1980, Arembepe had actually buckled down on education. It was taken much more seriously and was given much more money. By this time they had to wear uniforms, pay fees, and buy books and supplies. Public health is the fifth political change Arembepe went through. They had improved a little bit but not by much. There was a clinic that was set up in Arembepe but the practicing doctor was only there 2 days a week.There were 2 nurses that were staffed. If there was an emergency the Arembepe people had to go to the Tibras, the metropolis hospital. Sanitation problems still existed although they were trying to make it better. Arembepe was just very far behind in many things, but still had come a capacious way. Overall they were becoming a much more valid city, and state. From reading the beginning chapters to what they had changed they have been successful in many things. Although they still had a colossal way to go, they had come a long way from where they had started. When the government became more involved in Arembepe it really did a lot for the people there .

Academic Life Essay

New generation of students in university may trade their major. When university starts a student is asked to adopt a certain type of cuts or requirements to graduate. There is no dead line to take a new path. Thus, it offer slip away that suddenly for some reasons students change their major namely, due to the will of some parents, the student not having passing grades, and the student changing his mind. The first reason that leads a student to change his major may come from his parents. Sometimes children dont have the election to follow their own studies. They have to execute whatever their parents want. In this case, cypher is expecting from the child beyond to obey. When students are pushed like this, it mostly happens when a member of the family has previously succeeded well.The child is placed in a position where he has to walk of life behind the one who was successful. Therefore, whatever the major the student has decided to take, the final decision belongs to the pa rents. The second spring is failing in class. Many students are not taking their academic life seriously enough to get passing grades. This situation shed light on the fact that there is no choice other than withdrawal the course and look for a new area where the student will feel more comfortable. Many reasons can be engraft for the failure of students however, their own responsibility was engaged when they have decided to pick those majors. As serious students, they should be aware of their behavior during the whole studies period. Accordingly to the wee-wee of this paragraph, students may have no other solution than changing their way.See more Old Age Problem essayThe last and main cause that pushes a student to change his major is the changing of mind. University starts very early in a students life, so for this reason it can happen that his first choice of major was wrong. As a result, he can choose to change it by s point switching to another major and jazz his studies. I n this case, it is very important for the student to follow exactly the type of studies that suit him the best for his own success. For example, a student who applied for the Law course suddenly realizes that it doesnt concur with his skills. The only escape is to find something more suitable. In other words, the choice of major is not permanent. Hopefully, every student can move to a new major withoutcomplications. It should be clear that even if it is an easy thing to do, it has to be taken with precaution because changing major imply a new education. It has many positives effects but it should remains in coherence with the studies of the student. Somehow, when it is easy for students, the good grades will follow.

Robert Frost Theme on Death

Throughout Frosts poetry it is clear to opine that Frost himself had experienced great loss. His poetrys take you through some of the stages of grief he had experienced at various points in his vivification. There is a certain cathartic quality to his meters, it is self-explanatory Frost used the medium of creative writing as a release from his grief, enabling him to play his losses, to accept and heal from them. His own father had died when Frost was just a boy himself and during his married life Frost found himself a father to a fault to six offspring.His life was touched by cataclysm again as he and his wife lost two of these children. One child was quiet born(p) the other died at three years old. The echoes of grief can be found in the poem fireside burial. Tell me about if its something hu part. Let me into your grief. Im not so much unlike other family unit as your standing in that respect. This sections comes as the husband is pleading with the wife to communicate with him. The wife is inconsolable and is move to flee and says to her husband There you go sneering nowFrost breaks this crimp in the affection to suggest how profoundly at odds they are, how much psychic as well as misprint space separates them. (Kilcup 1988. ) Again he pleads with her A man cant speak of his own child thats dead. Any rhetorical hesitancy demands, expects, the visiters automatic agreement there is nothing it expects less than a particular, specific denial. The mans Cant a man speak . . . means Isnt any man allowed to speak . . . , but her fatally specific answer, Not you makes it mean, A man cannotis not able tospeak, if the man is you, (Jarrell 1999.)She then implies how insensitive he has been over the childs death and repeats the linguistic process to him that he had said after burying the child Three foggy mornings and one rainy twenty- quartet hour period will rot the best birch fence a man can build. Amys interpretation of her husbands expressive style of speaking in the kitchen reveals, ironically, that her husband may be far more subtle and sophisticated in expressing himself than she understands. Her question is really an accusation, and she believes not lonesome(prenominal) that he would not care but that he is fundamentally incapable(p) of caring (Faggen1997.)The husband through his wife Amys eyes has lost the ability to interact with his wife, also his wife fails to see that in fact he was referring to the childs death by his comment. As a granger close to nature he was referring to the unfairness of it all, that no matter how hard you try fate plays a part in everything. The fence being a metaphor of how a perfectly strong social system can be taken by bad weather. In the case of the babys life it taken by death. In the case of this poem both the husband and wife had misinterpreted each others grieving.Failing to appreciate each others cark in that process. In the poem Death of a Hired worldly concern, there are four characters. Mary and warren, partners or married it does not actually state this in the poem. Harold a young call forth hand and the hired man Silas who seems to be the main character of the poem. In comparison to the couple in Home Burial and the obvious neglect of empathy they seem to have for each other, Mary and rabbit warren seem close and communicate effortlessly with each other. This is reflected in the opening verses of death of A Hired Man.It seems they have a relationship of mutual understanding amid them. When she heard his step, Mary was obviously well-known(prenominal) with Warren enough to know it was his foot fall without first seeing him. This is the opposite in Home burial obviously the wife is trying to flee from her husband a marked comparison between the two relationships. Silas has returned to this couple to die, when Mary comes across him he is Huddled against a barn door profuse asleep. In the middle of winter this must have appeared strange to M ary.She goes on to describe his sort to Warren, a miserable sight, frightening too I didnt recognize him-I wasnt looking for him-and hes changed, This describes a change in Silass appearance enough to shock Mary who has known him a number of years. May be he has freehanded thin and worn looking. The verse paints a mental picture, you can visualize worthless withered Silas curled up in the doorway of the barn and the look on Marys face on finding him there. Warren asks Mary if he said anything she replied but little, Mary describes his speech to Warren almost in-coherent.This symbolises the demise of Silas as he its unable to string a sentence together. Warren is confused by this and refers to a dissimilarity between Silas and Harold Wilson. Wilson a young boy and Silas were good work colleagues. Harold had other ideas and went into education Silas tried everything to coax Harold back to working the farm but with little success. Silas frowned upon formal education this shows thro ugh in this verse, He said he couldnt make the boy believe He could find water with a chromatic prong-which showed how much good school had ever done him.Warren says at one point well those geezerhood trouble Silas like a dream. Maybe Silas had regret in his life, he cut a lonely person roaming the land looking for work. His own family were well to do and educated, his brother is quoted as a managing director of a bank. They are shades of Silas not been good enough in some way in his familys eyes. Maybe he viewed Warren and Mary as family at one point Warren states he wont be made ashamed to please his brother. The simile between Silas and the stray hound that came from the forest and given a home on their farm paints the couple as empathetic and caring of nature.Maybe this is the background why Silas chose them to die with rather than alone. With all the problems that arose between Silas and Harold while working for Warren and Mary. Mary still found it in her heart to give him a bed for the night. Mary asks Warren to check on Silas while she sits a watches the night sky. Mary is particularly watching the clouds and says to warren Ill sit and see if that itty-bitty sailing cloud will hit or miss the moon. It hit the moon. This line symbolises the point as Warren looks in a Silas and realises Silas has died in his sleep.Frost reflects the mood of the poem with this short line, you can almost hear the cloud exploding off the moon as warren realises Silas is dead. Warren returns to Mary Dead, was all he said. The ending of the poem also shows the impact of death, as Warren silently sits beside Mary and he only gives a one-word answer of Dead. This emphasizes the impact of Silas death and what it means to the couple. The bluntness of his reaction gives a printing of grief and disbelief (Study Mode, ND) In both these poems Frost deals with death in an intimate way, you can reassure by the style of each verse he is writing from experience.The mood and t one of each poem is dramatic and it is as though you are a fly on the wall actually witnessing the as yetts that expand in each verse from beginning to end. Again in the poem Out Out, there is a comparison between the disbelief of the wife in her reaction towards her husband, at his perceived lack of care towards the childs death in the poem, Home Burial, and the reaction of the gathered crowed after the poor boy perishes.As it states in Out Out, And they, since they, (the gathered crowd,) Were not the one dead, turned to their affairs. Certainly there was sorrow, lament and a tearful funeral, but none of that pertains to the poets message. The living have lives to lead (Wood 2008. )This is the last line of the poem after the poor victim, 16yr old Raymond Fitzgerald dies in the accident of horrific injuries caused by a bombilation saw. The poor child bleeds to death after his hand is severed by the saw.Robert Frost clearly fulfill great things as a poet. After a long and succes sful career as a professor teaching poetry, he went on to win The Pulitzer Prizes twice for his literary works. This gentle farmer-poet whose platform manner concealed the ever-troubled, agitated private man who sought through each of his poems a momentary bridle against confusion. (Burnshaw. S 2000. ) Frost became the voice of the ordinary American and to this day is still held in the highest regard even after his death.

Reactivity series for common metals experiment Essay

AimTo charm if a common alloy is reactive or strong enough to replace/push come in/ rout out another common surface from its liquid compound.HypothesisMy prediction will be the or so reactive metallic element shown by the reactivity serial will show if the metal can displace or not the metal in the compound. For example my hypothesis in a answer of Mg and Pb is that Mg being a more reactive metal in the reactivity series will displace Pb, a least reactive metal in the series.Equipment1. A chart with spaces bouffant enough to proceed with the reaction. With the names of each different metals. For obvious reasons put an x from the top left over(p) corner to the inferior left corner.2. A glass bigger than the chart for the paper for protection of it.3. apiece solid metal and metal compound for the reaction Solid surfaces Magnesium (4), blur(4), Iron(4), Zinc(4), Lead(4). Liquid Metal Compounds hair Sulphate, Iron Chloride, Magnesium Sulphate, Zinc Nitrate, Lead Nitrate.4. A titty pipette.5. Another table, but smaller, to record data. mathematical operation/Method1. Get all required elements you are going to need, this elements are listed above.2. Put the glass on top of the table of reactions.3. Clean all metals, until they are shiny and sluttish.4. Place 4 times the same metal on its corresponding column and different square for all the metals(5).5. Add carefully with the teat pipette one or two drops of the metal compound indicated directly onto the solid metal.6. Observe for changes, confine into account that if the texture or color are altered, it means that in that location has been displacement, reaction.7. create verbally your observations.8. Results should be scripted in a neat table, as tick if on that point was reaction, X if there was none and ? If not sure.9. Analyze and conclude from your data.Data AnalysisFrom the table above, we can conclude that the most reactive metal is Magnesium (Mg), since it reacts with all the metal compou nds except itself (Magnesium Sulphate). Then will come Zinc (Zn) , reacting with 2 Metal Compounds. Iron(Fe) will be less reactive than Zn and reacting with only 1 Metal Compound. Finally the least reactive Solid Metal will be Copper and Lead, reacting with none metal compounds.Conclusion1. Write down the determine of reactivity you foundBased on the graphic above the reactivity order i found3. Suggest why some squares were tag with an X on the grid.The diagonal squares in the grid from top left hand corner to lower right hand corner were marked with an X because it is pretty obvious that a metal can not displace the same metal on the compound because it has the same reactivity and atoms on the last shell in the atom. So for example, Copper will not displace Copper on the compound Copper Sulphate.4. Referring to your text book. Is there any metal that does not seem to be behaving as its position says it should? Can you find any reasons for this?Well referring to the reaction seri es there are some metals i found which do not fit in the reaction series, this are Copper and Lead well copper and lead should not be tied, the reactivity series show that Lead is more reactive than copper, and by this it should be world-class in the reactivity order.i think there are 2 possible ways to formulate why this happensSince the results we did were not very accurate and Lead and Copper are very close in the reactivity series, maybe we did not noticed the reaction of Lead or Copper, or maybe there wasnt in neither of them, well it is very possible that the reaction of them was not too noted to see the difference between them, but even though there was.The other possible way, could be that the metals werent very clean before we tested them, and so this could have altered and prevented a reaction in Lead.EvaluationIn general we did a great effort with my teammate in the lab, we employ exactly two drops of the metal compound to the metal solid, tried every metal to be clea n , but unfortunately we needed machinery to polish every single metal but we did not had it, we entirely had to do our best at trying to polish them.Another problem we did had, was to handle the spaces and the arrangement of the metals within their boxes in the lab well we applied a small square to each experiment, we frequently had the metal compound spreading into other boxes, damaging the fair results of the other experiments. One solution could be to nurse bigger spaces and arrange each metal at the center of its box.

Fast Food and Obesity Essay

In directlys familiarity, ready nutriment has become a large part of many Americans lives. With the rising reduces of obese tribe, it is hard not to draw a correlation between the augment in fast intellectual nourishment and obesity. Most obese hoi polloi dont want to be obese and wish they could lose weight, yet they continue to struggle with their fast forage for thought intake and obesity. This is collectable(p) to the advertising done on the consumers, the highly addictive sustenance itself, and most importantly, how advertising and addiction blend with children to form habits that atomic number 18 kept once they become adults. These factors are the reasons that fast food restaurants are to damned for the rising obesity and health risks across America. The regime necessarily to step in and place restrictions on these fast food restaurants so they will stop taking advantage of peoples weaknesses.So with that said, I actu all in ally disagree with Weintraubs poin t. And that is wherefore I be hypocrisyve that the fast food persistence is at pick for this issue. Before we go into detail or so how fast food companies are to blame for people over eating their food, it first must be proven that fast food is hence the main problem causing todays obesity in America. It is known to many people how the number of fast food restaurants in America has increased frightfully over the past several(prenominal) decades, but it is difficult to calculate by how ofttimes due to the lack of certain data. Also, it is difficult whether or not to categorize certain restaurants as fast food. Although, a good expressive style to get a feel on the growth of the fast food industry is to take a look at McDonalds, which has been Americas most popular fast food chain for decades.In 1968 McDonalds liberal its 1,000th American restaurant. This number has increased to 13,800 restaurants in 2011, which really parades how much more(prenominal) fast food people are consuming compared to the past. Consider the increase of almost fourteen times in the number of McDonalds restaurants, with the number of obese adults between the ages of 20 and 74 over a similar time period. From 1960-62 to 2005-06 the number of obese Americans almost tripled from 13.4% to 35.1%. These two extreme upward trends might make a convincing subject field that the extra fast food intake has caused the rise in obesity rates, and it may very closely be a good indication, but it is far fromproof. Too many things let changed over the years, from the way the average American exercises, to the types of other food that people are consuming.Now that it has been established that fast food is the main cause behind the rising obesity numbers in America, it is time to dig deeper and show how exactly these fast food chains are at fault for this issue. A common study when talking about people overeating fast food is addiction. When numbers are brought up about obesity and how often people visit fast food restaurants, people tend to ignore it and are categorized as fat people who are too lazy to cook their own food or break the habit of visiting fast food restaurants. However, people dont get ahead the true addictive power that food can have on someone, especially fast food. period people try to use their willpower to stay away from fast food restaurants, they often miss due to the countless TV, radio, billboard, and online advertisements that draw them back in. Fast food advertising has been increasing over the years. In 2009, the American fast food industry spent over $4.2 billion on advertising. That might come along like an illogical amount of money to spend on advertising, but it lead to over $one hundred forty billion in sales, so these fast food restaurants must know what theyre doing. It is obvious that this tre reestablishous advertising is leading to greater sales, otherwise these restaurants marketing teams would not be consumption so much. As p rofit-seeking corporations, fast food restaurants cannot be blamed for wanting to advertise as much as they do, but that doesnt mean that their advertising isnt a huge problem in our society.Advertising clearly leads to greater consumption of fast food which leads to obesity and other health risks. Although fast food advertising as a whole is a huge issue, the far greater bushel is the way children are targeted in todays advertisements. In a 2007 report done by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission, they found that the average child in America views 15 television commercials per day. This isnt necessarily a problem as long as these commercial are composed of for the most part sinewy foods. This is such a huge problem due to children being more easily manipulated by food advertising. Their experiment discovered that children who viewed food advertisements ate 45%more food than children who viewed non-food advertisements. Add all this up, and it comes to no surprise that in the last 30 years, the number of overweight and at risk children has more than tripled to 34%.It is clear that changes need to be made regarding fast food advertising, particularly involving children. Change needs to come soon as children will soon develop habits of high fast food consumption, which has our society pointed towards an unhealthy future. Efforts have been made in order to cause change, but it clearly hasnt been enough. This is why the government needs to step in and regulate how much these restaurants are allowed to advertise. Not only does the government need to regulate the volume of advertisements, but more importantly they need to stop the fast food restaurants from targeting certain demographics. For example, not allowing advertisements on childrens television shows will decrease the wanting of food as often. As for what they are allowed to advertise, there definitely needs to be an emphasis placed on healthy food choices.Over the past decade, fast food restaurants have been offering more and healthier food choices or alternatives on their menus. These alternatives are most often salads, but also include grilled yellow sandwiches amongst other items. These so called healthy alternatives appear to be healthy, which is what the fast food restaurants are most implicated about. However, these alternatives are not always as healthy as they seem. With every passing moment, the over-popularity of fast food becomes more of a difficulty as it causes obesity numbers to skyrocket across the nation.Normally, the choices should ultimately lie in the hands of the people to choose healthier lifestyles, and decreases their reliance on fast food. However, in this instance, due to the validity of fast food addiction, along with too much advertising, and the cheap menu alternatives offered, people have been unable to make a change, and continue to head in the wrong direction. But until Americans take measures to mend the problems fast food has created, itll take some t ime for us to become a healthier nation.